Prostate cancer staging: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{SCC}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SCC}} {{sali}} | ||
{{Prostate cancer}} | {{Prostate cancer}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Prostate cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on [[TNM system]] and [[UICC]]. | |||
==TNM staging== | ==TNM staging== | ||
'''Evaluation of the (primary) tumor ('T')'''<ref name=”cancergov”>National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq</ref> | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
= | |+ | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|T}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |TX | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Cannot evaluate the primary [[tumor]] | |||
= | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No evidence of tumor | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor present, but not detectable clinically or with imaging | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1a | |||
= | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor was incidentally found in less than 5% of prostate [[tissue]] resected (for other reasons) | ||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1b | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor was incidentally found in greater than 5% of prostate tissue resected | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1c | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor was found in a [[needle biopsy]] performed due to an elevated serum [[prostate-specific antigen|PSA]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor can be felt (palpated) on examination, but has not spread outside the prostate | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2a | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor is in half or less than half of one of the prostate gland's two [[lobe]]s | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2b | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor is in more than half of one lobe, but not both | |||
= | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2c | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor is in both lobes | |||
|- | |||
= | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor has spread through the prostatic [[capsule]] (if it is only part-way through, it is still T2) | |||
= | |||
= | |||
= | |||
= | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3a | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor has spread through the [[capsule]] on one or both sides | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3b | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor has invaded one or both [[seminal vesicle]]s | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor has invaded other nearby structures | |||
|} | |||
'''Evaluation of the regional lymph nodes ('N')''' | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|N}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |NX | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Cannot evaluate the regional [[lymph nodes]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |There has been no spread to the regional lymph nodes | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N1 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |There has been spread to the regional lymph nodes | |||
|} | |} | ||
== | '''Evaluation of distant metastasis ('M')''' | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|M}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |There is no distant metastasis | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M1 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |There is distant metastasis | |||
|} | |||
The | ==UICC staging== | ||
The [[UICC]] further groups the [[TNM]] data into the stages listed in the table below:<ref>{{Cite web | title =Stages of prostate cancer| url =http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/prostate/staging/?region=ab }}</ref> | |||
* '''Stage I''' | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
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|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|T}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|N}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|M}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1, T2a | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tumor]] involves half a [[lobe]] or less | |||
|} | |||
*''' | * '''Stage II''' | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|T}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|N}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|M}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2b, T2c | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tumor]] involves more than half a lobe but is limited to the prostate | |||
|} | |||
== | * '''Stage III''' | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|T}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|N}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|M}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tumor]] has spread beyond the prostatic [[capsule]] or into the [[bladder]] neck or [[seminal vesicles]] | |||
|} | |||
* '''Stage IV''' | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 400px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|T}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|N}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|M}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tumor]] has become fixed to adjoining structures like the [[rectum]] or [[pelvic wall]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |any T | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N1 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor has spread to regional [[lymph nodes]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |any T | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |any N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M1 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tumor has spread to distant sites such as [[lungs]] or [[liver]] | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Urology]] | |||
[[Category:Types of cancer]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] |
Latest revision as of 05:17, 6 February 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]
Prostate cancer Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Prostate cancer staging On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Prostate cancer staging |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Prostate cancer staging |
Overview
Prostate cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on TNM system and UICC.
TNM staging
Evaluation of the (primary) tumor ('T')[1]
T | Definition |
---|---|
TX | Cannot evaluate the primary tumor |
T0 | No evidence of tumor |
T1 | Tumor present, but not detectable clinically or with imaging |
T1a | Tumor was incidentally found in less than 5% of prostate tissue resected (for other reasons) |
T1b | Tumor was incidentally found in greater than 5% of prostate tissue resected |
T1c | Tumor was found in a needle biopsy performed due to an elevated serum PSA |
T2 | Tumor can be felt (palpated) on examination, but has not spread outside the prostate |
T2a | Tumor is in half or less than half of one of the prostate gland's two lobes |
T2b | Tumor is in more than half of one lobe, but not both |
T2c | Tumor is in both lobes |
T3 | Tumor has spread through the prostatic capsule (if it is only part-way through, it is still T2) |
T3a | Tumor has spread through the capsule on one or both sides |
T3b | Tumor has invaded one or both seminal vesicles |
T4 | Tumor has invaded other nearby structures |
Evaluation of the regional lymph nodes ('N')
N | Definition |
---|---|
NX | Cannot evaluate the regional lymph nodes |
N0 | There has been no spread to the regional lymph nodes |
N1 | There has been spread to the regional lymph nodes |
Evaluation of distant metastasis ('M')
M | Definition |
---|---|
M0 | There is no distant metastasis |
M1 | There is distant metastasis |
UICC staging
The UICC further groups the TNM data into the stages listed in the table below:[2]
- Stage I
T | N | M | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
T1, T2a | N0 | M0 | Tumor involves half a lobe or less |
- Stage II
T | N | M | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
T2b, T2c | N0 | M0 | Tumor involves more than half a lobe but is limited to the prostate |
- Stage III
T | N | M | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
T3 | N0 | M0 | Tumor has spread beyond the prostatic capsule or into the bladder neck or seminal vesicles |
- Stage IV
T | N | M | Definition |
---|---|---|---|
T4 | N0 | M0 | Tumor has become fixed to adjoining structures like the rectum or pelvic wall |
any T | N1 | M0 | Tumor has spread to regional lymph nodes |
any T | any N | M1 | Tumor has spread to distant sites such as lungs or liver |
References
- ↑ National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/pdq
- ↑ "Stages of prostate cancer".