Prolactinoma causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Prolactinoma}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no established causes for prolactinoma. Most [[pituitary]] tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to [[offspring]].
There are no established causes of [[prolactinoma]]. Most cases of [[prolactinoma]] are sporadic. [[Prolactinoma]] may occur in approximately 30% of [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] patients. It may also occur with [[Carney complex]] or [[McCune-Albright syndrome]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
There are no established causes for prolactinoma, although research continues to unravel the mysteries of disordered cell  growth, the cause of [[pituitary]] tumors remains unknown. It has been shown that stress can significantly raise [[prolactin]] levels which should make stress a [[diagnostic]] differential though it usually is not considered such. Most pituitary  tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring. A minority of prolactinomas are associated with familial syndromes.


===Familial Causes===
===Common causes===
*Sporadic
*[[Hereditary]] causes:
**[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] ([[MEN 1]])


[[Prolactinoma]] may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with:
===Less common/rare causes===
*[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] (MEN I)
*[[Hereditary]] causes:
*Carney complex
**A minority of [[prolactinoma]] are associated with:<ref name="pmid16411062">{{cite journal| author=Ciccarelli A, Daly AF, Beckers A| title=The epidemiology of prolactinomas. | journal=Pituitary | year= 2005 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-6 | pmid=16411062 | doi=10.1007/s11102-005-5079-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16411062  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17613551">{{cite journal| author=Karhu A, Aaltonen LA| title=Susceptibility to pituitary neoplasia related to MEN-1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations: an update. | journal=Hum Mol Genet | year= 2007 | volume= 16 Spec No 1 | issue=  | pages= R73-9 | pmid=17613551 | doi=10.1093/hmg/ddm036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17613551  }} </ref>
*McCune-Albright Syndrome
**#[[Carney complex]]
*MEN like syndrome ( CKDN1B loss of function)<ref>http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref>
**#[[McCune-Albright Syndrome]]
 
**#Isolated [[familial]] [[pituitary adenoma]]
=== Other Causes ===
**#MEN1-like syndrome
Other causes include:
*The xenoestrogenic chemical Bisphenol-A has been shown to lead to [[hyperprolactinaemia]] and growth of prolactin-producing pituitary cells.<ref>^ Goloubkova T, Ribeiro MF, Rodrigues LP, Cecconello AL, Spritzer PM (April 2000). "Effects of xenoestrogen bisphenol A on uterine and pituitary weight, serum prolactin levels and immunoreactive prolactin cells in ovariectomized Wistar rats". Arch. Toxicol. 74 (2): 92–8. doi:10.1007/s002040050658. PMID 10839476</ref> The increasing and prolonged exposure of Bisphenol-A from childhood on, may contribute to the growth of a prolactinoma.


== References ==
== References ==
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Latest revision as of 23:49, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

There are no established causes of prolactinoma. Most cases of prolactinoma are sporadic. Prolactinoma may occur in approximately 30% of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients. It may also occur with Carney complex or McCune-Albright syndrome.

Causes

Common causes

Less common/rare causes

References

  1. Ciccarelli A, Daly AF, Beckers A (2005). "The epidemiology of prolactinomas". Pituitary. 8 (1): 3–6. doi:10.1007/s11102-005-5079-0. PMID 16411062.
  2. Karhu A, Aaltonen LA (2007). "Susceptibility to pituitary neoplasia related to MEN-1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations: an update". Hum Mol Genet. 16 Spec No 1: R73–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm036. PMID 17613551.

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