Polycystic ovary syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Natural History
If left untreated patients with PCOS can develop conditions depending upon underlying pathophysiology
- Increased levels of androgens, insulin resistance, and elevated cholesterol can lead to the heart disease.
- Increased lengths of time without a menstrual period leads to unopposed exposure of endometrium to estrogen can result in uterus cancer.
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of polycystic ovary syndrome are:
- Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
- Insulin resistance/Type II diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Dyslipidemia
- Cardiovascular disease
- Strokes
- Miscarriage
- Infertility
Prognosis
- The prognosis for fertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome is good with treatment, unless there are other unknown fertility problems.
- Regular follow-up is recommended to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation, multiple pregnancies, and endometrial hyperplasia.
- Patients should be counseled regarding the long-term risk of diabetes, hypertension, and endometrial hyperplasia, including the importance of maintaining a BMI <25 kg/m2and control of type 2 diabetes.