Pleural effusion resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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❑ [[Thrombophlebitis]]<br>
❑ [[Thrombophlebitis]]<br>
❑ [[Right ventricular heave]]<br>
❑ [[Right ventricular heave]]<br>
❑ [[Hyperventilation]]</div>}}
❑ [[Hyperventilation]]</div>|D03=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: em; width: em; padding:1em;">'''Hepatic cause'''<br>
----
❑ [[Signs of liver failure]]<br>
❑ [[Ascites]]</div>|D04=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: em; width: em; padding:1em;">[[Malignancy]]<br>
----
❑ [[Lymphadenopathy]]<br>
❑ [[Weight loss]]<br>❑ [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]</div>}}
{{familytree | |`|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | |`|-|-|-|^|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}

Revision as of 17:19, 18 February 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Twinkle Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Definition

Pleural effusion is defined as the presence of excessive fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Transudate

Exudate

Initial Diagnosis

 
 
 
 
 
 
Characterize the symptoms

Shortness of breath
Chest pain

Cough
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Physical examination

❑ Asymmetrical chest expansion
❑ Dullness to percussion
❑ Decreased tactile fremitus
❑ Mediastinal shift]

❑ Shift away from the effusion side in massive effusion
❑ Shift towards the effusion side in lobar bronchial obstruction
❑ Decreased breath sounds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Signs suggestive of specific etiology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Congestive heart failure

❑ Distended neck veins
❑ S3 heart sound

Peripheral edema
 
 
Hepatic cause

Signs of liver failure

Ascites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ E01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ F01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ G01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Approach to Thoracocentesis

Do's

Dont's

References