Parotitis medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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{{Parotitis}} | {{Parotitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}} {{Faizan}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
Parotitis therapy is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Common therapies include [[analgesics]], such as [[paracetemol]] and [[diclofenac]], and other measures to relieve pain, including heat massages and warm saltwater mouth rinses. Therapy that increases saliva flow is also used, including extra fluids and foods that stimulate saliva flow, including lemon drops and [[vitamin C]] [[lozenges]]. Other therapies are used to target the potential cause of the parotitis, including [[HIV AIDS medical therapy#Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)|antiretroviral]] medication, [[antimicrobial]] therapy, anti-[[tuberculosis]] therapy, and sialendoscopy and [[parotid]] gland surgery. | |||
== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
===Viral Parotitis<ref name="urlSalivary gland infections: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001041.htm |title=Salivary gland infections: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>=== | |||
*[[Viral]] parotitis treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive, including the following:<ref name="Gupta2005">{{cite journal|last1=Gupta|first1=R. K|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005|journal=BMJ|volume=330|issue=7500|year=2005|pages=1132–1135|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132}}</ref> | |||
**[[Analgesics]]:<ref name="pmid19863896">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sujatha S, Rakesh N, Raghav N, Devaraju D, Shridevi G |title=Case report: Report of a rare case of juvenile recurrent parotitis and review of literature |journal=Eur Arch Paediatr Dent |volume=10 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=31–4 |year=2009 |pmid=19863896 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
***[[Paracetamol]] | |||
***[[Diclofenac]] | |||
**Massaging the [[parotid gland]] with heat. | |||
**Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water. | |||
**Increasing saliva flow with extra fluids or foods that stimulate saliva flow: | |||
***Lemon drops | |||
***[[Vitamin C]] [[lozenges]]<ref name="pmid25077394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson KF, Meier JD, Ward PD |title=Salivary gland disorders |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=89 |issue=11 |pages=882–8 |year=2014 |pmid=25077394 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Viral]] parotitis from [[HIV]] should also be treated with [[HIV AIDS medical therapy#Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)|antiretroviral]] medication . | |||
===Recurrent Parotitis<ref name="pmid25077394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson KF, Meier JD, Ward PD |title=Salivary gland disorders |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=89 |issue=11 |pages=882–8 |year=2014 |pmid=25077394 |doi= |url=}}</ref>=== | |||
In addition to supportive care, chronic recurrent parotitis treatment includes the following: | |||
*'''Sialendoscopy:''' Used to relieve parotitis in patients with [[sialolithiasis|parotid gland obstruction]] | |||
*Surgical removal of the [[parotid gland]] if the cause is [[neoplasma|neoplasmic]] or symptomatic treatment does not work. | |||
===Bacterial Parotitis=== | |||
*[[Antibiotic]] therapy is used to treat parotitis resulting from [[Staphylococcus aureus infection|''Staphylococcus aureus infection'']], depending on whether the strain is suspected to be methicillin-susceptible [[staphylococcus aureus|''Staphylococcus aureus'']] (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant [[staphylococcus aureus|''Staphylococcus aureus'']] (MRSA).<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | |||
**Preferred regimen (MSSA suspected): [[Nafcillin]] 2 g IV q4h {{or}} [[Oxacillin]] 2 g IV q4h | |||
**Preferred regimen (MRSA suspected): [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h | |||
*If an [[abscess]] forms then surgical drainage will be required.<ref name="pmid12544218">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brook I |title=Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis: microbiology and management |journal=J Craniofac Surg |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=37–40 |year=2003 |pmid=12544218 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Parotitis from [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]] will require anti-tuberculosis therapy:<ref name="urlCDC | TB | Treatment">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/ |title=CDC | TB | Treatment |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Isoniazid]] | |||
**[[Rifampin]] | |||
**[[Ethambutol]] | |||
**[[Pyrazinamide]] | |||
== References == | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
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{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Glands]] | [[Category:Glands]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:38, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S. Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Parotitis therapy is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Common therapies include analgesics, such as paracetemol and diclofenac, and other measures to relieve pain, including heat massages and warm saltwater mouth rinses. Therapy that increases saliva flow is also used, including extra fluids and foods that stimulate saliva flow, including lemon drops and vitamin C lozenges. Other therapies are used to target the potential cause of the parotitis, including antiretroviral medication, antimicrobial therapy, anti-tuberculosis therapy, and sialendoscopy and parotid gland surgery.
Medical Therapy
Viral Parotitis[1]
- Viral parotitis treatment is primarily symptomatic and supportive, including the following:[2]
- Analgesics:[3]
- Massaging the parotid gland with heat.
- Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water.
- Increasing saliva flow with extra fluids or foods that stimulate saliva flow:
- Viral parotitis from HIV should also be treated with antiretroviral medication .
Recurrent Parotitis[4]
In addition to supportive care, chronic recurrent parotitis treatment includes the following:
- Sialendoscopy: Used to relieve parotitis in patients with parotid gland obstruction
- Surgical removal of the parotid gland if the cause is neoplasmic or symptomatic treatment does not work.
Bacterial Parotitis
- Antibiotic therapy is used to treat parotitis resulting from Staphylococcus aureus infection, depending on whether the strain is suspected to be methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).[5]
- Preferred regimen (MSSA suspected): Nafcillin 2 g IV q4h OR Oxacillin 2 g IV q4h
- Preferred regimen (MRSA suspected): Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h
- If an abscess forms then surgical drainage will be required.[6]
- Parotitis from extrapulmonary tuberculosis will require anti-tuberculosis therapy:[7]
References
- ↑ "Salivary gland infections: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
- ↑ Gupta, R. K (2005). "Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005". BMJ. 330 (7500): 1132–1135. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ↑ Sujatha S, Rakesh N, Raghav N, Devaraju D, Shridevi G (2009). "Case report: Report of a rare case of juvenile recurrent parotitis and review of literature". Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 10 Suppl 1: 31–4. PMID 19863896.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wilson KF, Meier JD, Ward PD (2014). "Salivary gland disorders". Am Fam Physician. 89 (11): 882–8. PMID 25077394.
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- ↑ Brook I (2003). "Acute bacterial suppurative parotitis: microbiology and management". J Craniofac Surg. 14 (1): 37–40. PMID 12544218.
- ↑ "CDC | TB | Treatment".