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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S''', also known as '''R-PTP-S''', '''R-PTP-sigma''', or '''PTPσ''', is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRS'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8954782">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wagner J, Gordon LA, Heng HH, Tremblay ML, Olsen AS | title = Physical mapping of receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPRS) to human chromosome 19p13.3 | journal = Genomics | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 76–8 | date = Mar 1997 | pmid = 8954782 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0594 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8524829">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pulido R, Serra-Pagès C, Tang M, Streuli M | title = The LAR/PTP delta/PTP sigma subfamily of transmembrane protein-tyrosine-phosphatases: multiple human LAR, PTP delta, and PTP sigma isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and associate with the LAR-interacting protein LIP.1 | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 92 | issue = 25 | pages = 11686–90 | date = Jan 1996 | pmid = 8524829 | pmc = 40467 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.25.11686 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTPRS protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5802| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_PTPRS_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2fh7.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2fh7}}
| Name = Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S
| HGNCid = 9681
| Symbol = PTPRS
| AltSymbols =; PTPSIGMA
| OMIM = 601576
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 20626
| MGIid = 97815
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PTPRS_210823_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004725 |text = protein tyrosine phosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005001 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016787 |text = hydrolase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006470 |text = protein amino acid dephosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006796 |text = phosphate metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007185 |text = transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 5802
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000105426
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002841
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002850
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 5157379
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 5237399
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q13332
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 19280
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000013236
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011218
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035348
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 17
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 56046135
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 56110147
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S''', also known as '''PTPRS''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTPRS protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5802| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in cell-cell interaction, primary axonogenesis, and axon guidance during embryogenesis. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTPRS protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5802| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, [[Cellular differentiation|differentiation]], [[mitosis|mitotic cycle]], and [[oncogene|oncogenic]] transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single [[transmembrane]] segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and [[fibronectin]] type III-like domains. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in [[cell-cell interaction]], primary [[axonogenesis]], and axon guidance during [[embryogenesis]]. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four [[alternative splicing|alternatively spliced]] transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== Clinical significance ==
 
A PTPRS [[protein mimetic]] may improve muscular and bladder control in rats with spinal cord injuries.<ref name="Lang_2014"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/unprecedented-drug-may-help-heal-damaged-spine-n261116|title='Unprecedented': Drug May Help Heal Damaged Spine|newspaper=[[NBC]]|date=3 December 2014|author=Maggie Fox|accessdate=December 8, 2014}}</ref>
 
== Interactions ==
 
PTPRS has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* [[Neuroregeneration#Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan|chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans]],<ref name = "Lang_2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lang BT, Cregg JM, DePaul MA, Tran AP, Xu K, Dyck SM, Madalena KM, Brown BP, Weng Y, Li S, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, Busch SA, Shen Y, Silver J | title = Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes recovery after spinal cord injury | journal = Nature | volume = 518| issue = | pages = 404–8| year = 2014 | pmid = 25470046 | doi = 10.1038/nature13974 | pmc=4336236}}</ref>
* [[PTPRD]],<ref name = pmid9566880>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallace MJ, Fladd C, Batt J, Rotin D | title = The second catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase delta (PTP delta) binds to and inhibits the first catalytic domain of PTP sigma | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 2608–16 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9566880 | pmc = 110640 | doi =  }}</ref> glial-derived  and
* [[liprin-alpha-1]].<ref name = pmid8524829/><ref name = pmid9624153>{{cite journal | vauthors = Serra-Pagès C, Medley QG, Tang M, Hart A, Streuli M | title = Liprins, a family of LAR transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 25 | pages = 15611–20 | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9624153 | doi =  10.1074/jbc.273.25.15611}}</ref>
{{Div col end}}
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Clear}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Adachi M, Sekiya M, Arimura Y, Takekawa M, Itoh F, Hinoda Y, Imai K, Yachi A | title = Protein-tyrosine phosphatase expression in pre-B cell NALM-6. | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 737–40 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1370651 | doi =  }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Endo N, Rutledge SJ, Opas EE, Vogel R, Rodan GA, Schmidt A | title = Human protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma: alternative splicing and inhibition by bisphosphonates. | journal = J. Bone Miner. Res. | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 535–43 | year = 1997 | pmid = 8992885 | doi = 10.1002/jbmr.5650110415 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Adachi M, Sekiya M, Arimura Y, ''et al.'' |title=Protein-tyrosine phosphatase expression in pre-B cell NALM-6. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=52 |issue= 3 |pages= 737-40 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1370651 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Norris K, Norris F, Kono DH, Vestergaard H, Pedersen O, Theofilopoulos AN, Møller NP | title = Expression of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in the major insulin target tissues. | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 415 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–8 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9357975 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01133-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pulido R, Serra-Pagès C, Tang M, Streuli M |title=The LAR/PTP delta/PTP sigma subfamily of transmembrane protein-tyrosine-phosphatases: multiple human LAR, PTP delta, and PTP sigma isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and associate with the LAR-interacting protein LIP.1. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=92 |issue= 25 |pages= 11686-90 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8524829 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wallace MJ, Fladd C, Batt J, Rotin D | title = The second catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase delta (PTP delta) binds to and inhibits the first catalytic domain of PTP sigma. | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 2608–16 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9566880 | pmc = 110640 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wagner J, Gordon LA, Heng HH, ''et al.'' |title=Physical mapping of receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPRS) to human chromosome 19p13.3. |journal=Genomics |volume=38 |issue= 1 |pages= 76-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8954782 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0594 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Serra-Pagès C, Medley QG, Tang M, Hart A, Streuli M | title = Liprins, a family of LAR transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins. | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 25 | pages = 15611–20 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9624153 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.25.15611 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Endo N, Rutledge SJ, Opas EE, ''et al.'' |title=Human protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma: alternative splicing and inhibition by bisphosphonates. |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 535-43 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8992885 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Haworth K, Shu KK, Stokes A, Morris R, Stoker A | title = The expression of receptor tyrosine phosphatases is responsive to sciatic nerve crush. | journal = Mol. Cell. Neurosci. | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 93–104 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9790732 | doi = 10.1006/mcne.1998.0707 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Norris K, Norris F, Kono DH, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in the major insulin target tissues. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=415 |issue= 3 |pages= 243-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9357975 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Elchebly M, Wagner J, Kennedy TE, Lanctôt C, Michaliszyn E, Itié A, Drouin J, Tremblay ML | title = Neuroendocrine dysplasia in mice lacking protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma. | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 330–3 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10080191 | doi = 10.1038/6859 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wallace MJ, Fladd C, Batt J, Rotin D |title=The second catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase delta (PTP delta) binds to and inhibits the first catalytic domain of PTP sigma. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=18 |issue= 5 |pages= 2608-16 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9566880 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wallace MJ, Batt J, Fladd CA, Henderson JT, Skarnes W, Rotin D | title = Neuronal defects and posterior pituitary hypoplasia in mice lacking the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPsigma. | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 334–8 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10080192 | doi = 10.1038/6866 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Serra-Pagès C, Medley QG, Tang M, ''et al.'' |title=Liprins, a family of LAR transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 25 |pages= 15611-20 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9624153 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suárez Pestana E, Tenev T, Gross S, Stoyanov B, Ogata M, Böhmer FD | title = The transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPsigma modulates signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor in A431 cells. | journal = Oncogene | volume = 18 | issue = 28 | pages = 4069–79 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10435588 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1202794 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Haworth K, Shu KK, Stokes A, ''et al.'' |title=The expression of receptor tyrosine phosphatases is responsive to sciatic nerve crush. |journal=Mol. Cell. Neurosci. |volume=12 |issue= 3 |pages= 93-104 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9790732 |doi= 10.1006/mcne.1998.0707 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Blanchetot C, Tertoolen LG, Overvoorde J, den Hertog J | title = Intra- and intermolecular interactions between intracellular domains of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatases. | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 277 | issue = 49 | pages = 47263–9 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12376545 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M205810200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Elchebly M, Wagner J, Kennedy TE, ''et al.'' |title=Neuroendocrine dysplasia in mice lacking protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=21 |issue= 3 |pages= 330-3 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10080191 |doi= 10.1038/6859 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW | title = Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation. | journal = Nat. Biotechnol. | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 707–16 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15146197 | doi = 10.1038/nbt971 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wallace MJ, Batt J, Fladd CA, ''et al.'' |title=Neuronal defects and posterior pituitary hypoplasia in mice lacking the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPsigma. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=21 |issue= 3 |pages= 334-8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10080192 |doi= 10.1038/6866 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M | title = Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. | journal = Nature | volume = 437 | issue = 7062 | pages = 1173–8 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16189514 | doi = 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suárez Pestana E, Tenev T, Gross S, ''et al.'' |title=The transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPsigma modulates signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor in A431 cells. |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue= 28 |pages= 4069-79 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10435588 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1202794 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hu YF, Zhang HL, Cai T, Harashima S, Notkins AL | title = The IA-2 interactome. | journal = Diabetologia | volume = 48 | issue = 12 | pages = 2576–81 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16273344 | doi = 10.1007/s00125-005-0037-y }}
*{{cite journal | author=Blanchetot C, Tertoolen LG, Overvoorde J, den Hertog J |title=Intra- and intermolecular interactions between intracellular domains of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatases. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 49 |pages= 47263-9 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12376545 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M205810200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, Camp DG, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD | title = Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. | journal = J. Proteome Res. | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 2070–80 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16335952 | pmc = 1850943 | doi = 10.1021/pr0502065 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lajus S, Lang J | title = Splice variant 3, but not 2 of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase sigma can mediate stimulation of insulin-secretion by alpha-latrotoxin. | journal = J. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 98 | issue = 6 | pages = 1552–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16552719 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.20871 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. |journal=Nature |volume=428 |issue= 6982 |pages= 529-35 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15057824 |doi= 10.1038/nature02399 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D | title = Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. | journal = Mol. Syst. Biol. | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 89 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17353931 | pmc = 1847948 | doi = 10.1038/msb4100134 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, ''et al.'' |title=Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation. |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |volume=22 |issue= 6 |pages= 707-16 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15146197 |doi= 10.1038/nbt971 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, ''et al.'' |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hu YF, Zhang HL, Cai T, ''et al.'' |title=The IA-2 interactome. |journal=Diabetologia |volume=48 |issue= 12 |pages= 2576-81 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16273344 |doi= 10.1007/s00125-005-0037-y }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, ''et al.'' |title=Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. |journal=J. Proteome Res. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 2070-80 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16335952 |doi= 10.1021/pr0502065 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Lajus S, Lang J |title=Splice variant 3, but not 2 of receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase sigma can mediate stimulation of insulin-secretion by alpha-latrotoxin. |journal=J. Cell. Biochem. |volume=98 |issue= 6 |pages= 1552-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16552719 |doi= 10.1002/jcb.20871 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. |journal=Mol. Syst. Biol. |volume=3 |issue=  |pages= 89 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17353931 |doi= 10.1038/msb4100134 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=5802}}
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{{Protein tyrosine phosphatases}}
 
 
{{gene-19-stub}}

Revision as of 18:59, 7 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

n/a

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, also known as R-PTP-S, R-PTP-sigma, or PTPσ, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRS gene.[1][2][3]


Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of multiple Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar gene in mice suggested that this PTP may be involved in cell-cell interaction, primary axonogenesis, and axon guidance during embryogenesis. This PTP has been also implicated in the molecular control of adult nerve repair. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported.[3]

Clinical significance

A PTPRS protein mimetic may improve muscular and bladder control in rats with spinal cord injuries.[4][5]

Interactions

PTPRS has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ↑ Wagner J, Gordon LA, Heng HH, Tremblay ML, Olsen AS (Mar 1997). "Physical mapping of receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPRS) to human chromosome 19p13.3". Genomics. 38 (1): 76–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0594. PMID 8954782.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pulido R, Serra-Pagès C, Tang M, Streuli M (Jan 1996). "The LAR/PTP delta/PTP sigma subfamily of transmembrane protein-tyrosine-phosphatases: multiple human LAR, PTP delta, and PTP sigma isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and associate with the LAR-interacting protein LIP.1". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92 (25): 11686–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11686. PMC 40467. PMID 8524829.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: PTPRS protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, S".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lang BT, Cregg JM, DePaul MA, Tran AP, Xu K, Dyck SM, Madalena KM, Brown BP, Weng Y, Li S, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, Busch SA, Shen Y, Silver J (2014). "Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes recovery after spinal cord injury". Nature. 518: 404–8. doi:10.1038/nature13974. PMC 4336236. PMID 25470046.
  5. ↑ Maggie Fox (3 December 2014). "'Unprecedented': Drug May Help Heal Damaged Spine". NBC. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  6. ↑ Wallace MJ, Fladd C, Batt J, Rotin D (May 1998). "The second catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase delta (PTP delta) binds to and inhibits the first catalytic domain of PTP sigma". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (5): 2608–16. PMC 110640. PMID 9566880.
  7. ↑ Serra-Pagès C, Medley QG, Tang M, Hart A, Streuli M (Jun 1998). "Liprins, a family of LAR transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15611–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15611. PMID 9624153.

Further reading

  • Adachi M, Sekiya M, Arimura Y, Takekawa M, Itoh F, Hinoda Y, Imai K, Yachi A (1992). "Protein-tyrosine phosphatase expression in pre-B cell NALM-6". Cancer Res. 52 (3): 737–40. PMID 1370651.
  • Endo N, Rutledge SJ, Opas EE, Vogel R, Rodan GA, Schmidt A (1997). "Human protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma: alternative splicing and inhibition by bisphosphonates". J. Bone Miner. Res. 11 (4): 535–43. doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650110415. PMID 8992885.
  • Norris K, Norris F, Kono DH, Vestergaard H, Pedersen O, Theofilopoulos AN, Møller NP (1997). "Expression of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in the major insulin target tissues". FEBS Lett. 415 (3): 243–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01133-2. PMID 9357975.
  • Wallace MJ, Fladd C, Batt J, Rotin D (1998). "The second catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase delta (PTP delta) binds to and inhibits the first catalytic domain of PTP sigma". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (5): 2608–16. PMC 110640. PMID 9566880.
  • Serra-Pagès C, Medley QG, Tang M, Hart A, Streuli M (1998). "Liprins, a family of LAR transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15611–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15611. PMID 9624153.
  • Haworth K, Shu KK, Stokes A, Morris R, Stoker A (1998). "The expression of receptor tyrosine phosphatases is responsive to sciatic nerve crush". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 12 (3): 93–104. doi:10.1006/mcne.1998.0707. PMID 9790732.
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