Ovarian germ cell tumor epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The malignant ovarian germ cell tumors incidence increses from 5 years of age, although it may be presnt during infancy, and this increase continues to peak between the age of 15 to 19 years which is approximately 1.2 per 100,000 women.[1][2][3]
- In USA the age-adjusted incidence of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor is 0.41 per 100,000 women.[4]
- These tumors are less common than ovarian epithelial tumors.
Mature teratoma
- The incidence of mature/benign teratoma is between 1.2 to 14.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[5]
- The germ cell tumors of the ovary consist approximately one-fourth of ovarian neoplasms and a great majority of them are benign.
Dysgerminoma
- Age-adjusted incidence of this tumor is 0.109 per 100,000 women-year.[6]
- The incidence is greater in those with partial or complete gonadal dysgenesis.[7]
Yolk sac tumor
Embryonal carcinoma
Choriocarcinom
Prevalence
Mature teratoma
- Mature teratoma is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor and accounts for 95% of ovarian teratomas.[8]
Dysgerminoma
- Dysgerminoma is the second most common ovarian germ cell tumor.[8]
- This tumor accounts for less than 1% of all ovarian cancers.[9]
Mixed germ cell tumor
- These tumors accounts for 10% to 20% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and are the forth most common tumors. [10]
- The majority of them contain yolk sac tumor as one of the elements.
Embryonal carcinoma
- These tumors are very rare, comprising only 1% of ovarian germ cell tumors, and usually are a component of mixed germ cell tumors.[11]
Endodermal sinus tumor
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma
Age
- Although The malignant germ cell tumors may be present during the infancy, the has been reported between the age of 15 and 19 years where dysgerminoma is the most common type observed.[1][2][3]
- In USA the age-adjusted incidence of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor is 0.41 per 100,000 women.[4]
- In those who are aged 9 years old or younger, the incidence has been reported to be 0.1 per 100,000 girls.[13]
- In those between the age of 10 to 19 years old, the incidence has been reported to be 1.1 per 100,000 girls.
- Another peak incidence of these tumors has been reported among those aged 65 years old or older where teratoma is the most common type observed.[14]
Mature teratoma
- Patients of all age groups may develop mature teratoma. However, they tend to present between 20 to 30 years of age at a greater extent.[15]
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
Immature teratoma
- Immature teratoma tends to affect younger patient than mature teratomas (usually the first 2 decades of life).[16]
Dysgerminoma
- Dysgerminoma commonly affects individuals younger than 30 years of age in 85% of cases.[9]
- The median age at the time of diagnosis is approximately 19 to 23 years, although it may happen at any age.[17]
- The tumor is uncommon prepubertal or postmenopausal.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Yolk sac tumor
- They are most common in women in the second and third decades of life and rarely happens after the age 40.[18]
Embryonal carcinoma
- They affect primarily children and young adults.[19]
Choriocarcinoma
- They can be primary (non-gestational) or secondary to pregnancy (gestational).[19]
- Primary type affects children and young adults.
Race
Gender
Region
- Germ cell tumors of the ovary account for a greater proportion of ovarian tumors in the Asia and Africa.[6]
- Dysgerminomas has been reported to have high prevalence in India and Japan.[19]
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Quirk, Jeffrey T.; Natarajan, Nachimuthu; Mettlin, Curtis J. (2005). "Age-specific ovarian cancer incidence rate patterns in the United States". Gynecologic Oncology. 99 (1): 248–250. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.052. ISSN 0090-8258.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Møller H, Evans H (January 2003). "Epidemiology of gonadal germ cell cancer in males and females". APMIS. 111 (1): 43–6, discussion 46–8. PMID 12752232.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 dos Santos Silva I, Swerdlow AJ (May 1991). "Ovarian germ cell malignancies in England: epidemiological parallels with testicular cancer". Br. J. Cancer. 63 (5): 814–8. PMC 1972374. PMID 1645564.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pectasides, D.; Pectasides, E.; Kassanos, D. (2008). "Germ cell tumors of the ovary". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 34 (5): 427–441. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.02.002. ISSN 0305-7372.
- ↑ Westhoff C, Pike M, Vessey M (July 1988). "Benign ovarian teratomas: a population-based case-control study". Br. J. Cancer. 58 (1): 93–8. PMC 2246492. PMID 3166898.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Smith, Harriet O.; Berwick, Marianne; Verschraegen, Claire F.; Wiggins, Charles; Lansing, Letitia; Muller, Carolyn Y.; Qualls, Clifford R. (2006). "Incidence and Survival Rates for Female Malignant Germ Cell Tumors". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 107 (5): 1075–1085. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000216004.22588.ce. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). "Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features". RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ulbright, Thomas M (2005). "Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues". Modern Pathology. 18: S61–S79. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800310. ISSN 0893-3952.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Vicus, Danielle; Beiner, Mario E.; Klachook, Shany; Le, Lisa W.; Laframboise, Stephane; Mackay, Helen (2010). "Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary 35 years on: A single institutional experience". Gynecologic Oncology. 117 (1): 23–26. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.12.024. ISSN 0090-8258.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Tewari, K (2000). "Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 95 (1): 128–133. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00470-6. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Cheng, Liang; Zhang, Shaobo; Talerman, Aleksander; Roth, Lawrence M. (2010). "Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in situ hybridization study of ovarian embryonal carcinoma with comparison to solid variant of yolk sac tumor and immature teratoma". Human Pathology. 41 (5): 716–723. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.016. ISSN 0046-8177.
- ↑ Jiao, Lan-zhou; Xiang, Yang; Feng, Feng-zhi; Wan, Xi-run; Zhao, Jun; Cui, Quan-cai; Yang, Xiu-yu (2010). "Clinical Analysis of 21 Cases of Nongestational Ovarian Choriocarcinoma". International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. 20 (2): 299–302. doi:10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181cc2526. ISSN 1048-891X.
- ↑ Brookfield, Kathleen F.; Cheung, Michael C.; Koniaris, Leonidas G.; Sola, Juan E.; Fischer, Anne C. (2009). "A Population-Based Analysis of 1037 Malignant Ovarian Tumors in the Pediatric Population". Journal of Surgical Research. 156 (1): 45–49. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.069. ISSN 0022-4804.
- ↑ I. dos Santos Silva & A. J. Swerdlow (1991). "Ovarian germ cell malignancies in England: epidemiological parallels with testicular cancer". British journal of cancer. 63 (5): 814–818. PMID 1645564. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yayla Abide, Çiğdem; Bostancı Ergen, Evrim (2018). "Retrospective analysis of mature cystic teratomas in a single center and review of the literature". Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology. 15 (2): 95–98. doi:10.4274/tjod.86244. ISSN 1307-699X.
- ↑ Outwater, Eric K.; Siegelman, Evan S.; Hunt, Jennifer L. (2001). "Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics". RadioGraphics. 21 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ A L Husaini H, Soudy H, El Din Darwish A, Ahmed M, Eltigani A, A L Mubarak M, Sabaa AA, Edesa W, A L-Tweigeri T, Al-Badawi IA (December 2012). "Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary: a single institutional experience of 65 patients". Med. Oncol. 29 (4): 2944–8. doi:10.1007/s12032-012-0194-z. PMID 22407668. Vancouver style error: missing comma (help)
- ↑ Kurman RJ, Norris HJ (December 1976). "Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary: a clinical and pathologic analysis of 71 cases". Cancer. 38 (6): 2404–19. PMID 63318.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Chen, Vivien W.; Ruiz, Bernardo; Killeen, Jeffrey L.; Cot�, Timothy R.; Wu, Xiao Cheng; Correa, Catherine N.; Howe, Holly L. (2003). "Pathology and classification of ovarian tumors". Cancer. 97 (S10): 2631–2642. doi:10.1002/cncr.11345. ISSN 0008-543X. replacement character in
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