Non-Polio enterovirus infections

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Non-Polio enterovirus infections Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Non-Polio enterovirus infections from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Non-Polio enterovirus infections On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Non-Polio enterovirus infections

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Non-Polio enterovirus infections

CDC on Non-Polio enterovirus infections

Non-Polio enterovirus infections in the news

Blogs on Non-Polio enterovirus infections

Directions to Hospitals Treating Non-Polio enterovirus infections

Risk calculators and risk factors for Non-Polio enterovirus infections

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

For patient information click here

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Non-Polio enterovirus infections from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X ray | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Pathophysiology & Etiology

Enteroviruses are small viruses that are made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein. This group includes the polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and other enteroviruses. In addition to the three different polioviruses, there are 62 non-polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans: 23 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 5 other enteroviruses.

Risk Stratification and Prognosis

Usually, there are no long-term complications from the mild illnesses or from "aseptic" meningitis. Some patients who have paralysis or encephalitis, however, do not fully recover. Persons who develop heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) from myocarditis require long-term care for their conditions.

Primary Prevention

No vaccine is currently available for the non-polio enteroviruses. Because most persons who are infected with enteroviruses do not become sick, it can be difficult to prevent the spread of the virus. General cleanliness and frequent handwashing are probably effective in reducing the spread of these viruses (see "Handwashing" in: An Ounce of Prevention: Keeps the Germs Away). Also, cleaning contaminated surfaces and soiled articles first with soap and water, and then disinfecting them with a dilute solution of chlorine-containing bleach (made by mixing approximately ¼ cup of bleach with 1 gallon of water) can be a very effective way to inactivate the virus, especially in institutional settings such as child care centers. (See more about cleaning and disinfecting in general in CDC's Prevention Resources).

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

The health care costs from enterovirus infections are unknown, but a large portion of the costs may come from use of over-the-counter medications to treat symptoms for millions of cases of "summer colds" and "flu" caused by enteroviruses. There are also significant costs associated with the 25,000 to 50,000 hospitalizations for "aseptic" meningitis each year in the United States.

References

  1. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/enterovirus/non-polio_entero.htm

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.


Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources