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{{Chronic stable angina}}
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; Associate Editor-In-Chief: {{CZ}}
{{Nocturnal angina pectoris}}
'''For patient information, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]].'''


==Overview==
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
Nocturnal angina is the occurrence of anginal discomfort either during the early hours of sleep (likely due to increased venous return) or during the early morning hours (likely as a result of an increase in vascular tone).


==Pathophysiology==
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris overview|Overview]]==
1. Among patients who develop nocturnal angina within an hour or two of going to sleep, the mechanism of angina in this group of patients is likely to be an '''increase in venous return''' and hence increased intracardiac volume with a resulting increase in myocardial oxygen requirements.
2. Among patients who develop nocturnal angina in the early morning hours a primary reduction in coronary blood flow owing to '''increased coronary vascular tone''', more likely related to different stages of sleep, has been postulated as the potential underlying mechanism.


==Diagnosis==
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
===Symptoms===
 
Two patterns of nocturnal angina are observed:
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris differential diagnosis|Differentiating Nocturnal Angina Pectoris from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


1. Some patients experience angina '''within an hour or two after sleeping'''.
==[[Nocturnal angina pectoris natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


2. Other group of patients with nocturnal angina experience chest discomfort much later, in the '''early hours of the morning'''.
==Diagnosis==
[[Nocturnal angina pectoris history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris CT|CT]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris MRI|MRI]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
The treatment is similar to that of [[chronic stable angina]].  If increased coronary vascular tone is felt to be the underlying mechanism, the [[calcium channel blockade]] may be of benefit.
[[Nocturnal angina pectoris medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris surgery|Surgery]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Nocturnal angina pectoris future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Nocturnal angina pectoris case study one|Case #1]]


==References==
==Related Chapters==
{{reflist|2}}
*[[Chronic stable angina]]
*[[Unstable angina]]


[[Category:Disease state]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Ischemic heart diseases]]
[[Category:Ischemic heart diseases]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
 
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Latest revision as of 14:48, 5 March 2013

Nocturnal angina pectoris Microchapters

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Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Nocturnal Angina Pectoris from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Other Imaging Findings

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Nocturnal Angina Pectoris from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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