Neonatal jaundice causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Neonatal jaundice is caused by hemolysis of the RBCs mainly due to either intravascular causes or extravascular causes. Other causes include nonhemolytic causes as cephalosporines induced jaundice, genetic mutaitons of the UGT enzyme, and hepatic causes.

Causes

Common causes

Common causes of neonatal jaundice include the following:
- Increase bilirubin production due to hemolysis. Hemolytic causes include the following:
  - Intrinsic causes of hemolysis

- Spherocytosis
- Hereditary elliptocytosis
Systemic contitions
Enzyme conditions
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (also called G6PD deficiency)
- Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Globin synthesis defect
- Alpha-thalassemia

Extrinsic causes of hemolysis

Alloimmunity (The neonatal or cord blood gives a positive direct Coombs test and the maternal blood gives a positive indirect Coombs test)
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
- Rh disease
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell)
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc)
- Other blood type mismatches causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Non-hemolytic causes

Hepatic causes

Infections
- Sepsis
- Hepatitis B, TORCH infections
Metabolic
Drugs- Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide
Total parenteral nutrition
Idiopathic

Post-hepatic

Biliary atresia^[1]^[2]
Bile duct obstruction^[3]^[4]

References

↑ Kumral, A (2009). "Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor". Pediatr Res. 66: 218–21. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Arias, IM (1964). "Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro". J Clin Invest. 43: 2037–47. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Murphy, J F (1981). "Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice". Arch Dis Child. 56: 474–76. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Poland, R L (1980). "High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice". Pediatr Res. 14: 1328–31. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

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[1] Kumral, A (2009). "Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor". Pediatr Res. 66: 218–21. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

[2] Arias, IM (1964). "Prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding and a steroid, pregnane-3(alpha), 20(beta)-diol in maternal milk that inhibits glucuronide formation in vitro". J Clin Invest. 43: 2037–47. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

[3] Murphy, J F (1981). "Pregnanediols and breast-milk jaundice". Arch Dis Child. 56: 474–76. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

[4] Poland, R L (1980). "High milk lipase activity associated with breastmilk jaundice". Pediatr Res. 14: 1328–31. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

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