Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy: Difference between revisions
Nawal Muazam (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Nawal Muazam (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Medical therapy== | ==Medical therapy== | ||
Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for MDS is to: | Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for MDS is to:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
*Relieve symptoms | *Relieve symptoms | ||
*Slow or prevent progression of the disease | *Slow or prevent progression of the disease | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
===Chemotherapy=== | ===Chemotherapy=== | ||
Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to treat cancer. It may also be used to treat people whose MDS progresses to acute myelogenous leukemia. | Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to treat cancer. It may also be used to treat people whose MDS progresses to acute myelogenous leukemia. | ||
The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat MDS is cytarabine (Cytosar, Ara-C). Cytarabine may be combined with: | The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat MDS is cytarabine (Cytosar, Ara-C). Cytarabine may be combined with:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
*Idarubicin (Idamycin) | *Idarubicin (Idamycin) | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
*Fludarabine (Fludara) | *Fludarabine (Fludara) | ||
Other chemotherapy drugs that may be used to treat MDS include: | Other chemotherapy drugs that may be used to treat MDS include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
Daunorubucin (Cerubidine) | *Daunorubucin (Cerubidine) | ||
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) | *Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) | ||
===Supportive therapy=== | ===Supportive therapy=== | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
====Growth factors==== | ====Growth factors==== | ||
Shortages of blood cells cause most of the symptoms of MDS. Growth factors help return blood cell counts to normal. | Shortages of blood cells cause most of the symptoms of MDS. Growth factors help return blood cell counts to normal.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
*Epoetin (Eprex, erythropoietin) | *Epoetin (Eprex, erythropoietin) | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
:*A long-acting G-CSF | :*A long-acting G-CSF | ||
====Drug therapy==== | ====Drug therapy==== | ||
*Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include: | *Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
*Deferoxamine (Desferal or DFO) | *Deferoxamine (Desferal or DFO) | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
:*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die | :*stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die | ||
===Stem cell transplant=== | ===Stem cell transplant=== | ||
A stem cell transplant may be a treatment option for younger people and those with high-risk MDS. | A stem cell transplant may be a treatment option for younger people and those with high-risk MDS.<ref name=cancerca>Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/leukemia/myelodysplastic-syndromes/?region=on. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 20:24, 15 December 2015
|
Myelodysplastic syndrome Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Myelodysplastic syndrome from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Myelodysplastic syndrome medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]
Overview
Medical therapy
Treatment is based on the type of MDS and the person's age and general health. The goal of treatment for MDS is to:[1]
- Relieve symptoms
- Slow or prevent progression of the disease
- Improve quality of life
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the use of anti-cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to treat cancer. It may also be used to treat people whose MDS progresses to acute myelogenous leukemia. The most common chemotherapy drug used to treat MDS is cytarabine (Cytosar, Ara-C). Cytarabine may be combined with:[1]
- Idarubicin (Idamycin)
- Topotecan (Hycamtin)
- Fludarabine (Fludara)
Other chemotherapy drugs that may be used to treat MDS include:[1]
- Daunorubucin (Cerubidine)
- Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Supportive therapy
Supportive therapy is given to relieve symptoms and lessen the problems caused by abnormal blood cell counts or treatment for MDS.
Transfusions
People with low red blood cell counts (anemia) may be given blood transfusions.
Frequent blood transfusions can result in a buildup of extra iron, which is treated with drug therapy.
People with bleeding problems due to low platelet counts may be given platelet transfusions.
Growth factors
Shortages of blood cells cause most of the symptoms of MDS. Growth factors help return blood cell counts to normal.[1]
- Epoetin (Eprex, erythropoietin)
- Helps improve production of red blood cells
- Filgrastim (Neupogen)
- Also called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
- Helps improve production of white blood cells
- Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta)
- A long-acting G-CSF
Drug therapy
- Other drugs that may be used to treat symptoms or side effects of therapy include:[1]
- Deferoxamine (Desferal or DFO)
- treats excess iron in the blood
- sometimes given with Vitamin C.
- Lenalidomide (Revlimid)
- decreases the need for transfusions in people with a specific chromosome change
- Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)
- decreases the need for transfusions in certain types of MDS
- Antibiotics
- help to prevent or treat infections
- Hypomethylating agents, such as 5-azacytidine or decitabine (Dacogen)
- stop cancer cells from producing DNA or RNA so the cells die
Stem cell transplant
A stem cell transplant may be a treatment option for younger people and those with high-risk MDS.[1]