Mycoplasma pneumonia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 00:27, 8 February 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Laboratory Findings

Mycoplasma pneumonia is diagnosed by either culture, serology, or molecular methods.
The following table demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic method for Mycoplasma pneumonia:

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages	Test Setting
Culture	"*Provides clinical isolates for genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibilities testing
*100% specificity when a positive result is obtained
*Commercially available SP4 media"	Time-consuming Requires specialized expertise High potential for false negatives Slow growth\|\|Reference laboratories only, not for routine diagnostics
Serology	Commercially available kits Quantification possible\|\|Lacks specificity Need for acute and convalescent paired sera Test results turn-around time not optimal for treatment decisions Cumbersome and time-sensitive sampling Not FDA approved\|\|*Clinical Service: Sera provided to a clinical laboratory testing service for EIA testing
Molecular	Commercially available kits High sensitivity and specificity Rapid detection Results can be obtained in time to guide treatment decisions Useful for strain typing\|\|Expensive Requires specialized expertise and equipment Not standardized Lack of clinical and comparative validation Limited FDA approval\|\|*Clinical Service: NP, OP, or sputum provided to a clinical laboratory testing service for qPCR testing CDC: Multiplex qPCR used for M. pneumoniae detection in NP, OP, sputum tissue, or CSF Commercial / FDA Approved: 1) FilmArray (BioFire Inc) is a nested multiplex PCR in a closed "lab-in-a-pouch" format, 2) Illumigene (Meridian Biosciences, Inc) is a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay

References

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==Overview==
 ==Laboratory Findings==
-Diagnosis of acute infections remains difficult; therefore, early recognition of outbreaks has been problematic. The challenge is to prevent secondary cases in outbreak by prompt initiation of control measures.
+*''Mycoplasma'' pneumonia is diagnosed by either culture, serology, or molecular methods.
+*The following table demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic method for ''Mycoplasma'' pneumonia:
-''M. pneumoniae'' infections can be differentiated from other types of pneumonia by the relatively slow progression of symptoms, a positive blood test for cold-hemagglutinins in 50-70% of patients after 10 days of infection  (cold-hemagglutinin-test should be used with caution or not at all since 50% of the tests are false-positive), lack of bacteria in a gram-stained sputum sample, and a lack of growth on blood agar.
+{| {{table}}
+| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Method'''
+| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Advantages'''
+| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Disadvantages'''
+| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Test Setting'''
+|-
+| Culture||"*Provides clinical isolates for genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibilities testing
-Depending on the severity of illness, other tests may be done, including:
+|-
+| *100% specificity when a positive result is obtained
-*[[Complete blood count]] (CBC)
+|-
-*[[Blood cultures]]
+| *Commercially available SP4 media"||*Time-consuming
-*[[Blood tests]] for [[antibodies]] to mycoplasma
+*Requires specialized expertise
-*Open [[lung biopsy]] (only done in very serious illnesses when the diagnosis cannot be made from other sources)
+*High potential for false negatives
-*[[Sputum culture]] to check for mycoplasma bacteria
+*Slow growth||*Reference laboratories only, not for routine diagnostics
+|-
+| Serology||*Commercially available kits
+*Quantification possible||*Lacks specificity
+*Need for acute and convalescent paired sera
+*Test results turn-around time not optimal for treatment decisions
+*Cumbersome and time-sensitive sampling
+*Not FDA approved||*'''Clinical Service''': Sera provided to a clinical laboratory testing service for EIA testing
+|-
+| Molecular||*Commercially available kits
+*High sensitivity and specificity
+*Rapid detection
+*Results can be obtained in time to guide treatment decisions
+*Useful for strain typing||*Expensive
+*Requires specialized expertise and equipment
+*Not standardized
+*Lack of clinical and comparative validation
+*Limited FDA approval||*'''Clinical Service:''' NP, OP, or sputum provided to a clinical laboratory testing service for qPCR testing
+*'''CDC''': Multiplex qPCR used for ''M. pneumoniae'' detection in NP, OP, sputum tissue, or CSF
+*'''Commercial / FDA Approved''': 1) FilmArray (BioFire Inc) is a nested multiplex PCR in a closed "lab-in-a-pouch" format, 2) Illumigene (Meridian Biosciences, Inc) is a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay
+|}
-A urine test or a throat swab may also be done.
-==Sources==
-http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/mycoplasmapneum_t.htm
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}

Mycoplasma pneumonia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:27, 8 February 2016

Overview

Laboratory Findings

References

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