Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 MRI: Difference between revisions
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==MRI== | ==MRI== | ||
===Parathyroid Carcinoma=== | ===Parathyroid Carcinoma=== | ||
* [[MRI]] is infrequently utilized in initial work up because of lower spatial resolution and artifacts. [[Adenoma]]s can show variable signal intensity on [[MRI]]. Reported signal characteristics include:<ref name="Radiopaedia">{{cite web | title = Radiopedia 2015 Parathyroid adenoma [Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody]| url = http://radiopaedia.org/articles/parathyroid-adenoma }}</ref> | * [[MRI]] is infrequently utilized in initial work up because of lower [[Angular resolution|spatial resolution]] and artifacts. [[Adenoma]]s can show [[variable]] signal [[Intensity (physics)|intensity]] on [[MRI]]. Reported signal characteristics include:<ref name="Radiopaedia">{{cite web | title = Radiopedia 2015 Parathyroid adenoma [Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody]| url = http://radiopaedia.org/articles/parathyroid-adenoma }}</ref> | ||
:* '''T1''' | :* '''T1''' | ||
::* Typically intermediate to low signal | ::* Typically intermediate to low signal | ||
::* Subacute [[hemorrhage]] can cause high signal intensity<ref name="pmid17515397">{{cite journal| author=Johnson NA, Tublin ME, Ogilvie JB| title=Parathyroid imaging: technique and role in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2007 | volume= 188 | issue= 6 | pages= 1706-15 | pmid=17515397 | doi=10.2214/AJR.06.0938 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17515397 }} </ref> | ::* Subacute [[hemorrhage]] can cause high signal [[intensity]]<ref name="pmid17515397">{{cite journal| author=Johnson NA, Tublin ME, Ogilvie JB| title=Parathyroid imaging: technique and role in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2007 | volume= 188 | issue= 6 | pages= 1706-15 | pmid=17515397 | doi=10.2214/AJR.06.0938 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17515397 }} </ref> | ||
::* [[Fibrosis]] or old [[hemorrhage]] can cause low signal intensity | ::* [[Fibrosis]] or old [[hemorrhage]] can cause low signal intensity | ||
:* '''T2''' | :* '''T2''' | ||
::* Typically hyperintense | ::* Typically hyperintense | ||
::* Subacute [[hemorrhage]] can cause high signal intensity | ::* Subacute [[hemorrhage]] can cause high signal [[intensity]] | ||
::* [[Fibrosis]] or old [[hemorrhage]] can cause low signal intensity | ::* [[Fibrosis]] or old [[hemorrhage]] can cause low signal intensity | ||
* Since most lesions demonstrate high T2 signal intensity, the addition of contrast for | * Since most [[Lesion|lesions]] demonstrate high T2 signal [[Intensity (physics)|intensity]], the addition of contrast for MRI scanning does not significantly increase detection. | ||
===Pheochromocytoma=== | ===Pheochromocytoma=== | ||
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* '''T1''' | * '''T1''' | ||
:* Slightly hypointense to the remainder of the [[adrenal]] | :* Slightly hypointense to the remainder of the [[adrenal]] | ||
:* If [[Necrosis|necrotic]] and/or [[hemorrhagic]] then signal will be more heterogeneous | :* If [[Necrosis|necrotic]] and/or [[hemorrhagic]] then signal will be more [[heterogeneous]] | ||
* '''T2''' | * '''T2''' | ||
:* Markedly hyperintense (lightbulb sign) | :* Markedly hyperintense (lightbulb [[Sign language|sign]]) | ||
:* Areas of [[necrosis]]/[[hemorrhage]]/[[calcification]] will alter signal | :* Areas of [[necrosis]]/[[hemorrhage]]/[[calcification]] will alter signal | ||
* '''T1 C+ (Gd)''' | * '''T1 C+ (Gd)''' | ||
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[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category:Diseases]] | [[Category:Diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category:Radiology]] | [[Category:Radiology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:29, 13 June 2019
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Microchapters |
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Differentiating Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 MRI On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 MRI |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 MRI |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [4]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [5]
Overview
MRI scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Findings on MRI scan suggestive of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 include intermediate to low signal at T1 and hyperintense signal at T2 suggesting parathyroid hyperplasia.
MRI
Parathyroid Carcinoma
- MRI is infrequently utilized in initial work up because of lower spatial resolution and artifacts. Adenomas can show variable signal intensity on MRI. Reported signal characteristics include:[1]
- T1
- Typically intermediate to low signal
- Subacute hemorrhage can cause high signal intensity[2]
- Fibrosis or old hemorrhage can cause low signal intensity
- T2
- Typically hyperintense
- Subacute hemorrhage can cause high signal intensity
- Fibrosis or old hemorrhage can cause low signal intensity
- Since most lesions demonstrate high T2 signal intensity, the addition of contrast for MRI scanning does not significantly increase detection.
Pheochromocytoma
- MRI is the most sensitive modality for identification of pheochromocytomas, and is particularly useful in cases of extra-adrenal location. The overall sensitivity is said to be 98%.[3][1]
- T1
- Slightly hypointense to the remainder of the adrenal
- If necrotic and/or hemorrhagic then signal will be more heterogeneous
- T2
- Markedly hyperintense (lightbulb sign)
- Areas of necrosis/hemorrhage/calcification will alter signal
- T1 C+ (Gd)
- Heterogenous enhancement
- Enhancement is prolonged, persisting for as long as 50 minutes[4]
-
![Image courtesy of Dr Hani Al Salami[5]](/images/b/b4/Pheochromocytoma_CT_3.jpg)
Image courtesy of Dr Hani Al Salami[5]
-
![Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard[6]](/images/3/31/Pheochromocytoma_MRI.jpg)
Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard[6]
-
![Image courtesy of Dr G Balachandran[7]](/images/2/21/Pheochromocytoma_MRI_04.JPG)
Image courtesy of Dr G Balachandran[7]
![Image courtesy of Dr Hani Al Salami[5]](/index.php/File:Pheochromocytoma_CT_3.jpg)
![Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard[6]](/index.php/File:Pheochromocytoma_MRI.jpg)
![Image courtesy of Dr G Balachandran[7]](/index.php/File:Pheochromocytoma_MRI_04.JPG)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Radiopedia 2015 Parathyroid adenoma [Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody]".
- ↑ Johnson NA, Tublin ME, Ogilvie JB (2007). "Parathyroid imaging: technique and role in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188 (6): 1706–15. doi:10.2214/AJR.06.0938. PMID 17515397.
- ↑ Blake, Michael (2009). Adrenal imaging. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. ISBN 193411586X.
- ↑ Reiser, Maximilian (2008). Magnetic resonance tomography. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 354029354X.
- ↑ Image courtesy of Dr Hani Al Salami. Radiopaedia (original file[1]).Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
- ↑ Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard. Radiopaedia (original file[2]).Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
- ↑ Image courtesy of Dr Frank Gaillard. Radiopaedia (original file[3]).Creative Commons BY-SA-NC