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__NOTOC__
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Migraine|here]]'''
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Migraine|here]]'''
{{Migraine (patient information)}}


{{SI}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' Jinhui Wu, MD


{{CMG}};  Jinhui Wu, MD
==Overview==
Migraine is a recurrent [[headache]] disorder with intense [[pain]]. Many patients can identify triggers that cause or aggravate the headache. Usual triggers include certain food, anxiety and stress, changes in the weather, l ack of sleep or too much sleep and sensory stimuli. Hormonal changes may induce pain for some female patients. Headache caused by migraine is ususally described as moderate to severe, intense, throbbing or pounding pain which may be confined to one side or may affect both sides of the head. Other symptoms include [[nausea]] with or without [[vomiting]], sensitivity to light and sound. Typical trigger and symptoms with a family history of migraines may help the doctor diagnose migraine. For atypical patients, the doctor may order head images to rule out other possible causes of headache. Pain relievers including [[NSAIDS]] and [[acetaminophen]] may help relieve pain and reduce frenquency. Many patients with migraine can relieve pain and reduce frenquency with treatments.


{{EJ}}
==What are the symptoms of Migraine?==
Patients may experience the following symptoms after the trigger.
:*[[Headache]]: Headache caused by migraine is ususally described as moderate to severe, intense, throbbing or pounding pain which may be confined to one side or may affect both sides of the head. Headache of migraine usually is aggravated by regular activities.
:*[[Nausea]] with or without [[vomiting]]
:*Sensitivity to light and sound
:*Cold hands and cold feet


==What is migraine?==
==Who is at highest risk?==
 
The cause of migraine remains unknown. It seems that both genetics and environmental contribute to the cause. The following factors make you more prone to having migraines.
==How do I know if I have migraine and what are the symptoms of migraine?==
:*A family history of migraines
 
:*Younger than 40
==Who is at risk for migraine?==
:*Female
The cause of migraine remains unknown. It seems that both genetics and environmental contribute to the cause. Also, migraine is more common in women than in men.
:*Hormonal changes: For female patients with migraines, the trigger is associated with menstruation cycle. They may also change during pregnancy or menopause.
    
    
Many individuals with migraine can identify triggers that cause or aggravate the headache. Avoiding triggers may be helpful to decrease the frequency or severity of migraine. Some triggers include:
Many individuals with migraine can identify triggers that cause or aggravate the headache. Avoiding triggers may be helpful to decrease the frequency or severity of migraine. Some triggers include:
Line 20: Line 28:
:*Changes in the weather
:*Changes in the weather
:*Lack of sleep or too much sleep
:*Lack of sleep or too much sleep
:*Exposure to light
:*Sensory stimuli, including bright lights, sun glare, loud sounds, unusual smells such as perfume, paint thinner and secondhand smoke, can also trigger migraines.
:*Hormonal changes in women
:*Hormonal changes in women, during menstruation cycle, pregnancy or menopause.
 
==When to seek urgent medical care?==
Call 911 if:
 
*You are experiencing "the worst headache of your life"
*You have speech, vision, or movement problems or loss of balance, especially if you have not had these symptoms with a migraine before
*Your headaches are more severe when lying down
*The headache starts very suddenly
 
Also, call your doctor if:


==How to know you have migraine?==
*Your headache patterns or pain change
*Treatments that once worked are no longer helpful
*You have side effects from medication, including irregular heartbeat, pale or blue skin, extreme sleepiness, persistent cough, depression, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, cramps, dry mouth, or extreme thirst
*You are pregnant or could become pregnant -- some medications should not be taken when pregnant


==When to seek urgent medical care?==
==Diagnosis==
:*Medical history and [[physical examination]]: Typical trigger and symptoms, a family history of migraines may help the doctor diagnose migraine.
:*Head images such [[CT]]  and [[MRI]] are needed to rule out other possible causes of [[headache]].
:*[[Lumbar puncture]]: When your [[headache]] is suspected [[meningitis]], the doctor may order this test. During this procedure, the patient lies on the side, with knees pulled up toward the chest, and chin tucked downward. After injecting the anesthetic into the lower spine, the doctor insert a spinal needle into the lower back area to measure [[CSF]] pressure and collect a sample. The patient is often asked to lie down for a while after the process.


==Treatment options==
==Treatment options==
Treatment of migraine is to relieve [[pain]].
*Meidcations of pain relievers
:*[[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] ([[NSAIDS]]): NSAIDs relieve pain by reducing the inflammation that causes the pain. Usual drugs include [[aspirin]], [[ibuprofen]] and [[naproxen]].
:*[[Acetaminophen]]: Acetaminophen reduces [[pain]] and [[fever]] by acting on pain centers in the brain.
*[[Acupuncture]], [[biofeedback]] and [[massage]]: These methods may help relieve the headache and reduce the frequency of migraines.


==Diseases with similar symptoms==
==Diseases with similar symptoms==
:*[[Brain tumor]]
:*Brain infections such as [[meningitis]], [[encephalitis]]
:*Brain [[aneurysm]] abrupt
:*[[Hemorrhagic stroke]]
:*[[Hysteria]]


==Where to find medical care for migraine?==
==Where to find medical care for Migraine?==
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|migraine}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating migraine]
[http://maps.google.com/maps?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|map+top+hospital+Migraine}}}}&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wl Directions to Hospitals Treating Migraine]  


==Prevention of migraine==
==Prevention of Migraines==
:*Avoid triggers: Avoid to contact with certain foods and sensory stimuli.
:*Try to relax, control stress.
:*Keep a regular sleeping habit
:*Exercise regularly: This may reduce tension and can help prevent migraines.
:*Reduce the effects of estrogen: For female patient with migraine that trigger is associated with  menstruation cycle or hormone drugs, avoid or reduce the amount of medications such as [[birth control pill]]s. Talk with your doctor about the best alternatives or dosages for your  hormone replacement therapy.


==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
Many patients with migraine can relieve pain and reduce frenquency with treatments.


==Copyleft Sources==
==Possible complications==
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/migraine.html
Migraine headache is a risk factor for [[Stroke (patient information)|stroke]] in both men and women.


http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/migraine-headache/DS00120
Migraine headaches generally represent no significant threat to your overall health. However, they can be a long-term (chronic) problem and may interfere with your day-to-day life.


http://www.medicinenet.com/migraine_headache/article.htm
==Sources==
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/migraine.html


http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm
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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Patient Information]]
 
[[Category:Patient information]]
[[Category:Migraine]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Head and neck]]

Latest revision as of 22:43, 29 July 2020

For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Migraine

Overview

What are the symptoms?

Who is at highest risk?

When to seek urgent medical care?

Diagnosis

Treatment options

Diseases with similar symptoms

Where to find medical care for Migraine?

Prevention of Migraines

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Possible complications

Migraine On the Web

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

Images of Migraine

Videos on Migraine

FDA on Migraine

CDC on Migraine

Migraine in the news

Blogs on Migraine

Directions to Hospitals Treating Migraine

Risk calculators and risk factors for Migraine

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jinhui Wu, MD

Overview

Migraine is a recurrent headache disorder with intense pain. Many patients can identify triggers that cause or aggravate the headache. Usual triggers include certain food, anxiety and stress, changes in the weather, l ack of sleep or too much sleep and sensory stimuli. Hormonal changes may induce pain for some female patients. Headache caused by migraine is ususally described as moderate to severe, intense, throbbing or pounding pain which may be confined to one side or may affect both sides of the head. Other symptoms include nausea with or without vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound. Typical trigger and symptoms with a family history of migraines may help the doctor diagnose migraine. For atypical patients, the doctor may order head images to rule out other possible causes of headache. Pain relievers including NSAIDS and acetaminophen may help relieve pain and reduce frenquency. Many patients with migraine can relieve pain and reduce frenquency with treatments.

What are the symptoms of Migraine?

Patients may experience the following symptoms after the trigger.

  • Headache: Headache caused by migraine is ususally described as moderate to severe, intense, throbbing or pounding pain which may be confined to one side or may affect both sides of the head. Headache of migraine usually is aggravated by regular activities.
  • Nausea with or without vomiting
  • Sensitivity to light and sound
  • Cold hands and cold feet

Who is at highest risk?

The cause of migraine remains unknown. It seems that both genetics and environmental contribute to the cause. The following factors make you more prone to having migraines.

  • A family history of migraines
  • Younger than 40
  • Female
  • Hormonal changes: For female patients with migraines, the trigger is associated with menstruation cycle. They may also change during pregnancy or menopause.

Many individuals with migraine can identify triggers that cause or aggravate the headache. Avoiding triggers may be helpful to decrease the frequency or severity of migraine. Some triggers include:

  • Anxiety
  • Stress
  • Food: Some migraines can be triggered by certain foods, including beer and red wine, aged cheeses, chocolate, aspartame, caffeine, monosodium glutamate, salty foods, and processed foods.
  • Changes in the weather
  • Lack of sleep or too much sleep
  • Sensory stimuli, including bright lights, sun glare, loud sounds, unusual smells such as perfume, paint thinner and secondhand smoke, can also trigger migraines.
  • Hormonal changes in women, during menstruation cycle, pregnancy or menopause.

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call 911 if:

  • You are experiencing "the worst headache of your life"
  • You have speech, vision, or movement problems or loss of balance, especially if you have not had these symptoms with a migraine before
  • Your headaches are more severe when lying down
  • The headache starts very suddenly

Also, call your doctor if:

  • Your headache patterns or pain change
  • Treatments that once worked are no longer helpful
  • You have side effects from medication, including irregular heartbeat, pale or blue skin, extreme sleepiness, persistent cough, depression, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, cramps, dry mouth, or extreme thirst
  • You are pregnant or could become pregnant -- some medications should not be taken when pregnant

Diagnosis

  • Medical history and physical examination: Typical trigger and symptoms, a family history of migraines may help the doctor diagnose migraine.
  • Head images such CT and MRI are needed to rule out other possible causes of headache.
  • Lumbar puncture: When your headache is suspected meningitis, the doctor may order this test. During this procedure, the patient lies on the side, with knees pulled up toward the chest, and chin tucked downward. After injecting the anesthetic into the lower spine, the doctor insert a spinal needle into the lower back area to measure CSF pressure and collect a sample. The patient is often asked to lie down for a while after the process.

Treatment options

Treatment of migraine is to relieve pain.

  • Meidcations of pain relievers

Diseases with similar symptoms

Where to find medical care for Migraine?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Migraine

Prevention of Migraines

  • Avoid triggers: Avoid to contact with certain foods and sensory stimuli.
  • Try to relax, control stress.
  • Keep a regular sleeping habit
  • Exercise regularly: This may reduce tension and can help prevent migraines.
  • Reduce the effects of estrogen: For female patient with migraine that trigger is associated with menstruation cycle or hormone drugs, avoid or reduce the amount of medications such as birth control pills. Talk with your doctor about the best alternatives or dosages for your hormone replacement therapy.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Many patients with migraine can relieve pain and reduce frenquency with treatments.

Possible complications

Migraine headache is a risk factor for stroke in both men and women.

Migraine headaches generally represent no significant threat to your overall health. However, they can be a long-term (chronic) problem and may interfere with your day-to-day life.

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/migraine.html

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm

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