Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{MERS}} | {{MERS}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
MERS-CoV is caused by a lineage C betacoronavirus, an enveloped, spherical (120 nm in diameter), single-stranded, positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the family''[[Coronaviridae]]''of the order''[[Nidovirales]]. ''The natural reservoir of MERS-CoV is unknown, but bats are thought to be the most likely natural reservoir. MERS-CoV is thought to have a zoonotic activity, whereby transmission occurs from animals to humans. Limited data is available to confirm or rule out human-to-human transmission. | |||
==Causes== | |||
MERS-CoV is caused by a lineage C betacoronavirus. | |||
===Taxonomy=== | |||
Betacoronavirus is an enveloped, spherical (120 nm in diameter), single-stranded, positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the family ''[[Coronaviridae]]'' of the order ''[[Nidovirales]].'' | |||
===Genome=== | |||
The betacoronavirus contains a [[genome]] composed of 30,119 [[nucleotides]] that encodes structural and non-structural [[proteins]]. The genome is considered the largest among all RNA virus genomes, reaching 27-32 kb in size. | |||
===Tropism=== | |||
* [[MERS-CoV]] has a strong [[tropism]] for the [[cilium|non-ciliated]] [[bronchial]] [[epithelium]]. | |||
* Less commonly, MERS-CoV may primarily infect cells of the GI tract or the neurological system. | |||
===Transmission=== | |||
* MERS-CoV is thought to have a zoonotic activity, whereby transmission occurs from animals to humans. | |||
* Although bats are the natural host of the betacoronavirus, it is unknown if MERS coronavirus transmission to humans is through bats, through an intermediate animal hosts following crossover and subsequent adaptation, or through a completely different host. | |||
* Limited data is available to confirm or rule out human-to-human transmission. | |||
===Natural Reservoir=== | |||
* The natural reservoir of MERS-CoV is unknown. | |||
* The following are thought to be the natural reservoirs of MERS-CoV: | |||
** Bats (The majority of reports hypothesized that bats are the natural reservoir of MERS-CoV) | |||
** Camels | |||
** Goats | |||
==Gallery== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Coronavirus14.jpeg| TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus13.jpeg| TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus12.jpeg| TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus11.jpeg| Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus09.jpeg| Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus08.jpeg|TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by three spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus07.jpeg|TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus06.jpeg|TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of red-colored, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus05.jpeg|TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by five spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions, which were colorized yellow. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus04.jpeg|TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus03.jpeg|TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus02.jpeg|SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of two spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles, colorized blue, that were on the surface of a camel epithelial cell, colorized red. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
Image: Coronavirus01.jpeg|SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of numerous yellow-colored Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles on the surface of a Vero E6 cell (blue). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL> | |||
{| style="float: right;" | |||
| [[File:MERS electron micrograph.jpg|250px|thumb|none|This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph revealed ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). <SMALL>Courtesy: ''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:MERS electron micrograph 3.jpg|250px|thumb|none|This highly-magnified negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph revealed ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). <SMALL>Courtesy: ''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:MERS electron micrograph 2.jpg|250px|thumb|none|This thin section transmission electron micrograph revealed ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). <SMALL>Courtesy: ''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:MERS electron micrograph 4.jpg|250px|thumb|none|This highly-magnified transmission electron micrograph revealed the presence of numerous Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions in this tissue culture sample. <SMALL>Courtesy: ''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:MERS electron micrograph 5.jpg|250px|thumb|none|This highly-magnified transmission electron micrograph revealed the presence of numerous Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions in this tissue culture sample. <SMALL>Courtesy: ''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp Public Health Image Library (PHIL), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]''<ref>{{Cite web | title = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp}}</ref></SMALL>]] | |||
|} | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Related chapters== | |||
* [[Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
{{ | == External links == | ||
* [http://www.ploscollections.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1003595;jsessionid=3844B8232B8125019DCE360075BBBD1A Emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus] | |||
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC164505.2 MERS-CoV Complete Genome] | |||
* [http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/emerging.html Emerging viruses] | |||
* [http://www.symmation.com/portfolio/media/middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-mers-coronavirus/96 Molecular Illustration of MERS-Coronavirus] | |||
* [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2014/04/29/philippines-still-mers-cov-free-doh-340389 Philippines still MERS-CoV free – DOH] | |||
{{Baltimore classification}} | |||
[[category:Disease]] | [[category:Disease]] | ||
[[category:Virology]] | [[category:Virology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:04, 18 September 2017
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Microchapters |
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Differentiating Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection from other Diseases |
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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
MERS-CoV is caused by a lineage C betacoronavirus, an enveloped, spherical (120 nm in diameter), single-stranded, positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the familyCoronaviridaeof the orderNidovirales. The natural reservoir of MERS-CoV is unknown, but bats are thought to be the most likely natural reservoir. MERS-CoV is thought to have a zoonotic activity, whereby transmission occurs from animals to humans. Limited data is available to confirm or rule out human-to-human transmission.
Causes
MERS-CoV is caused by a lineage C betacoronavirus.
Taxonomy
Betacoronavirus is an enveloped, spherical (120 nm in diameter), single-stranded, positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae of the order Nidovirales.
Genome
The betacoronavirus contains a genome composed of 30,119 nucleotides that encodes structural and non-structural proteins. The genome is considered the largest among all RNA virus genomes, reaching 27-32 kb in size.
Tropism
- MERS-CoV has a strong tropism for the non-ciliated bronchial epithelium.
- Less commonly, MERS-CoV may primarily infect cells of the GI tract or the neurological system.
Transmission
- MERS-CoV is thought to have a zoonotic activity, whereby transmission occurs from animals to humans.
- Although bats are the natural host of the betacoronavirus, it is unknown if MERS coronavirus transmission to humans is through bats, through an intermediate animal hosts following crossover and subsequent adaptation, or through a completely different host.
- Limited data is available to confirm or rule out human-to-human transmission.
Natural Reservoir
- The natural reservoir of MERS-CoV is unknown.
- The following are thought to be the natural reservoirs of MERS-CoV:
- Bats (The majority of reports hypothesized that bats are the natural reservoir of MERS-CoV)
- Camels
- Goats
Gallery
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/f/f0/Coronavirus14.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/6/63/Coronavirus13.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/f/f8/Coronavirus12.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/f/f4/Coronavirus11.jpeg)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/7/7f/Coronavirus09.jpeg)
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by three spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/3/32/Coronavirus08.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by three spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/5/5f/Coronavirus07.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of red-colored, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/5/50/Coronavirus06.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of red-colored, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by five spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions, which were colorized yellow. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/9/95/Coronavirus05.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by five spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions, which were colorized yellow. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/d/da/Coronavirus04.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/9/97/Coronavirus03.jpeg)
TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of two spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles, colorized blue, that were on the surface of a camel epithelial cell, colorized red. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/1/1b/Coronavirus02.jpeg)
SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of two spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles, colorized blue, that were on the surface of a camel epithelial cell, colorized red. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
-
![SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of numerous yellow-colored Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles on the surface of a Vero E6 cell (blue). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/images/8/89/Coronavirus01.jpeg)
SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of numerous yellow-colored Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles on the surface of a Vero E6 cell (blue). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]
![TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus14.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus13.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural morphology of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus12.jpeg)
![Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus11.jpeg)
![Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus09.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by three spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus08.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus07.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a number of red-colored, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus06.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by five spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virions, which were colorized yellow. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus05.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus04.jpeg)
![TEM reveals ultrastructural details exhibited by a single, spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) virion. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus03.jpeg)
![SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of two spherical-shaped Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles, colorized blue, that were on the surface of a camel epithelial cell, colorized red. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus02.jpeg)
![SEM reveals ultrastructural details at the site of interaction of numerous yellow-colored Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) viral particles on the surface of a Vero E6 cell (blue). From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [1]](/index.php/File:Coronavirus01.jpeg)