Magnesium chloride: Difference between revisions

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{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|authorTag={{Ammu}}
|genericName=magnesium chloride
|aOrAn=an
|drugClass=[[electrolyte]]
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=as an [[electrolyte]] replenisher in [[magnesium]] deficiencies
|adverseReactions=[[flushing]], [[sweating]], sharply lowered [[blood pressure]], [[hypothermia]], [[stupor]], and ultimately [[respiratory depression]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i>


* Content


<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->


{{chembox new
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult=* As an electrolyte replenisher in magnesium deficiencies.
* For intravenous infusion: 4 grams in 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, at a rate not exceeding 3 mL per minute. Serum magnesium levels should serve as a guide to continued dosage.
* USUAL DOSAGE RANGE: 1 to 40 grams daily.
* Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
 
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
 
<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->
 
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
|fdaLIADPed=There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
 
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* Magnesium Chloride Injection should not be administered if there is renal impairment, marked myocardial disease or to comatose patients.
|warnings=* Do not use if a precipitate is present.
* This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
* Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|postmarketing=* Flushing, [[sweating]], sharply lowered blood pressure, [[hypothermia]], [[stupor]], and ultimately respiratory depression.
|FDAPregCat=C
|useInPregnancyFDA=* Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with magnesium chloride. It is also not known whether magnesium chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Magnesium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
|useInPregnancyAUS=There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
 
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* Intravenous
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
 
<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Overdosage-->
|drugBox={{chembox2
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 459589655
| ImageFile = Magnesium chloride.jpg
| ImageFile = Magnesium chloride.jpg
| ImageSize = 200px  
| ImageSize = 200px  
| ImageFile1 = Magnesium-chloride-3D-polyhedra.png
| IUPACName = Magnesium chloride
| IUPACName = Magnesium chloride
| SystematicName =  
| SystematicName = Magnesium chloride
| OtherNames =  
| OtherNames = Magnesium dichloride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations =  
| Abbreviations =  
| CASNo = [7786-30-3] (anhydrous)<br>[7791-18-6] (hexahydrate)
| CASNo = 7786-30-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASOther = <br/>{{CAS|7791-18-6}} (hexahydrate) <!--also verified against the Chemical Abstracts Service list -->
| EINECS =  
| EINECS =  
| EINECSCASNO =  
| EINECSCASNO =  
| PubChem =  
| PubChem = 24584
| SMILES =  
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| InChI =  
| ChEMBL = 1200547
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22987
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 6636
| SMILES = [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
| InChI = InChI=1S/2ClH.Mg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2ClH.Mg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| RTECS = OM2975000
| RTECS = OM2975000
| MeSHName =
| ATCCode_prefix = A12
| ChEBI =
| ATCCode_suffix = CC01
| KEGG =  
| ATC_Supplemental = {{ATC|B05|XA11}}
| ATCCode_prefix =
  }}
| ATCCode_suffix =
| ATC_Supplemental =}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = MgCl<sub>2</sub> (anhydrous)<br>MgCl<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O (hexahydrate)
| Formula = MgCl<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous)<br>203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate)
| MolarMass = 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous)<br/>203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate)
| Appearance = white or colourless crystalline solid
| Appearance = white or colourless crystalline solid
| Density = 2.32 g/cm³ (anhydrous solid)<br>1.56 g/cm³ (hexahydrate solid)
| Density = 2.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) <br> 1.569 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate)
| MeltingPt = 714 °C (987 K)
| MeltingPtC = 714
| Melting_notes =  
| Melting_notes = {{convert|117|C|F K}} (hexahydrate) <br> on rapid heating: slow heating leads to decomposition from {{convert|300|C|F K}}
| BoilingPt = 1412 °C (1685 K)
| BoilingPtC = 1412
| Boiling_notes =  
| Boiling_notes =  
| Solubility =  
| Solubility = ''anhydrous'' 52.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> <br> 54.3 g/100 ml (20&nbsp;°C) <br> 72.6 g/100 mL (100&nbsp;°C) <hr> ''hexahydrate'' <br> 167 g/100 mL (20&nbsp;°C)
| SolubleOther =  
| Solubility1 = 7.4 g/100 mL (30&nbsp;°C)
| Solvent =  
| Solvent1 = ethanol
| SolubleOther = slightly soluble in [[acetone]], [[pyridine]]
| LogP =  
| LogP =  
| VaporPressure =
| HenryConstant =  
| HenryConstant =  
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant =  
| RefractIndex = 1.675 (anhydrous) <br> 1.569 (hexahydrate)
| pKa =
  }}
| pKb = }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[Cadmium chloride#Crystal structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]]
| CrystalStruct = [[Cadmium chloride#Crystal structure|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]]
| Coordination = (octahedral, 6-coordinate)
| Coordination = (octahedral, 6-coordinate)
| MolShape = }}
| MolShape =  
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf =  
| DeltaHf = -641.1 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc =  
| DeltaGf = -591.6 kJ/mol
| Entropy =  
| Entropy = 89.88 J/mol K
| HeatCapacity = }}
| HeatCapacity = 71.09 J/mol K
| Section5 = {{Chembox Pharmacology
  }}
| AdminRoutes =
| Bioavail =
| Metabolism =
| HalfLife =
| ProteinBound =
| Excretion =
| Legal_status =
| Legal_US =
| Legal_UK =
| Legal_AU =
| Legal_CA =
| PregCat =
| PregCat_AU =
| PregCat_US = }}
| Section6 = {{Chembox Explosive
| ShockSens =
| FrictionSens =
| ExplosiveV =
| REFactor = }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0764.htm ICSC 0764]
| EUClass =  
| EUClass =  
| EUIndex =  
| EUIndex = Not listed
| MainHazards = irritant
| MainHazards = Irritant
| NFPA-H =  
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F =  
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R =  
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O =  
| NFPA-S =  
| RPhrases =  
| RPhrases = {{R36}}, {{R37}}, {{R38}}
| SPhrases = {{S22}},S23,{{S24}},S25
| SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S37}}, {{S39}}
| RSPhrases =
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| FlashPt =  
| LD50 = 2800 mg/kg (oral, rat)
| Autoignition =
| PEL =  
| ExploLimits =
  }}
| LD50 =
| PEL = }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[Magnesium fluoride]]<br> [[Magnesium bromide]]<br> [[Magnesium iodide]]
| OtherAnions = [[Magnesium fluoride]]<br/>[[Magnesium bromide]]<br/>[[Magnesium iodide]]
| OtherCations = [[beryllium chloride]]<br>[[calcium chloride]]
| OtherCations = [[Beryllium chloride]]<br/>[[Calcium chloride]]<br/>[[Strontium chloride]]<br/>[[Barium chloride]]<br/>[[Radium chloride]]
| OtherFunctn =  
| OtherFunctn =  
| Function =  
| Function =  
| OtherCpds = }}
| OtherCpds =  
  }}
}}
}}
{{SI}}
|structure=* Magnesium Chloride Injection is a sterile solution of Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate in Water for Injection q.s. Each mL contains: Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate 200 mg, Sodium Chloride 9 mg, Benzyl Alcohol 1% as a preservative,  Water for Injection, q.s. pH adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid and/or Sodium Hydroxide. Total osmolarity equivalent to 2951 mOsmol/L. Contains 1.97 mEq of Mg++ and Cl¯ per mL.
* The structural formula is MgCl2•6H2O
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


==Overview==
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
'''Magnesium chloride''' is the name for the [[chemical compound]]s with the [[chemical formula|formula]]s MgCl<sub>2</sub> and its various hydrates MgCl<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub>.  These salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water.  The hydrated magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water.  [[Anhydrous]] magnesium chloride is the principal precursor to magnesium metal, which is produced on a large scale.
|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


==Structure, preparation, basic properties==
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
MgCl<sub>2</sub> crystallizes in the [[cadmium chloride]] motif, which features octahedral Mg.    A variety of hydrates are known with the formula MgCl<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub>, and each loses water with increasing temperature: x = 12 (-16.4 °C),  8 (-3.4 °C), 6 (116.7 °C), 4 (181 °C), 2 (ca. 300 °C).<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> In the hexahydrate, the Mg<sup>2+</sup> remains [[Octahedral molecular geometry|octahedral]], but is coordinated to six water [[ligand]]s.<ref>Wells, A. F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.</ref>
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


As suggested by the existence of several hydrates, anhydrous MgCl<sub>2</sub> is a [[Lewis acid]], although a relatively weak one.
<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


In the [[Dow process]], magnesium chloride is regenerated from magnesium hydroxide using [[hydrochloric acid]]:
<!--How Supplied-->
:[[Magnesium hydroxide|Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>]]([[solid|s]]) + 2 HCl  →  MgCl<sub>2</sub>(aq) + 2 [[water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]([[liquid|l]])
|howSupplied=* Magnesium Chloride Injection 200 mg/mL (20% w/v)
It can also be prepared from [[magnesium carbonate]] by a similar reaction.
* NDC 0517-5034-01    50 mL Multiple Dose Vial    Individually boxed
|storage=* Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F)
|packLabel=<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


In most of its derivatives, MgCl<sub>2</sub> forms octahedral complexes.  Derivatives with tetrahedral Mg<sup>2+</sup> are less common.   Examples include salts of ([[tetraethylammonium]])<sub>2</sub>MgCl<sub>4</sub> and adducts such as MgCl<sub>2</sub>([[TMEDA]]).<ref>N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, ''Chemistry of the Elements'', Pergamon Press, 1984.</ref>
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.


==Applications==
<!--Brand Names-->
Magnesium chloride serves as precursor to other magnesium compounds, for example by precipitation:
|brandNames=*MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE - magnesium chloride injection, solution  | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=c9f69e8d-bc97-4183-bad2-b0468f0a586a }}</ref>
:MgCl<sub>2</sub>([[aqueous|aq]]) +  [[calcium hydroxide|Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>]](aq)  →  [[magnesium hydroxide|Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>]]([[solid|s]])  +  [[calcium chloride|CaCl<sub>2</sub>]](aq)


It can be [[electrolysis|electrolysed]] to give [[magnesium]] metal:<ref name="Hill">Hill, Petrucci, McCreary, Perry, "General Chemistry", 4th ed., Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.</ref>
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
:MgCl<sub>2</sub>([[liquid|l]])  →  Mg([[liquid|l]])  +  Cl<sub>2</sub>([[gas|g]])
|drugShortage=
This process is practiced on a substantial scale: In 1990, US production was around one million tonnes, with a bulk price around $180 per tonne.
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName=Magnessium chloride.jpg
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName=DailyMed - MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE - magnesium chloride injection, solution  .png
}}
<!--Pill Image-->


The thermal dehydration of the hydrates MgCl<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub> (x = 6, 12) does not occur straightforwardly.<ref>see notes in Rieke, R. D.; Bales, S. E.; Hudnall, P. M.; Burns, T. P.; Poindexter,  G S.  “Highly Reactive Magnesium for the Preparation of Grignard Reagents: 1-Norbornane Acid” Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 6, p.845 (1988). http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV6P0845.pdf</ref>


Magnesium chloride is used for a variety of other applications besides the production of [[magnesium]]: the manufacture of textiles, paper, fireproofing agents, cements and refrigeration brine,<ref name="Hill" /> and dust and erosion control.  Mixed with hydrated magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride forms a hard material called [[Sorel cement]]. Magnesium chloride is also used as a reaction component in Polymerase Chain Reaction, a procedure used to amplify DNA fragments.


===Culinary use===
<!--Label Display Image-->
Magnesium chloride is an important coagulant used in the preparation of [[tofu]] from [[soy milk]].  In Japan it is sold as ''nigari'' (the term is derived from the Japanese word for "bitter"), a white powder produced from seawater after the [[sodium chloride]] has been removed, and the water evaporated.  Nigari consists mostly of magnesium chloride, with some [[magnesium sulfate]] and other trace elements. It is also an ingredient in baby formula milk.


===Use as an anti-icer===
A number of state highway departments throughout the United States have decreased the use of rock salt and sand on roadways and have increased the use of liquid magnesium chloride as a de-icer or anti-icer. Magnesium chloride is much less toxic to plant life surrounding highways and airports, and is less corrosive to concrete and steel (and other iron alloys) than sodium chloride.  The liquid magnesium chloride is sprayed on dry pavement (tarmac) prior to precipitation or wet pavement prior to freezing temperatures in the winter months to prevent snow and ice from adhering and bonding to the roadway. The application of anti-icers is utilized in an effort to improve highway safety. Magnesium chloride is also sold in crystal form for household and business use to de-ice sidewalks and driveways.  In these applications, the compound is applied after precipitation has fallen or ice has formed, instead of previously. 


The use of this compound seems to show an improvement in driving conditions during and after freezing precipitation yet it seems to be negatively affecting electric utilities.  Two main issues have been raised regarding the anti-icer magnesium chloride as it relates to electric utilities: contamination of insulators causing tracking and arcing across them, and corrosion of steel and [[aluminium]] poles and pole hardware.


===Use in dust and erosion control===
Road departments and private industry may apply liquid or powdered magnesium chloride to control dust and erosion on unimproved (dirt or gravel) roads and dusty job sites such as quarries. Its [[hygroscopy]] makes it absorb moisture from the air, controlling the number of small particles which become airborne. Similarly, owners of indoor arenas (e.g. for horse riding) may apply magnesium chloride to sand or other floor materials to control dust.


===Use in hydrogen storage===
Magnesium chloride has shown promise as a storage material for [[hydrogen]]. [[Ammonia]], which is rich in hydrogen atoms, is used as an intermediate storage material. Ammonia can be effectively absorbed onto solid magnesium chloride, forming Mg(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. Ammonia is released by mild heat, and is then passed through a catalyst to give hydrogen gas.


== References ==
<!--Category-->
<references />
* ''Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.


== External links ==
[[Category:Drug]]
* [http://www.usda.gov/rus/electric/engineering/2001/magnesium_chloride.htm Magnesium Chloride as a De-Icing Agent]
[[Category:Chlorides]]


[[Category:Chlorides]]
[[Category:Magnesium compounds]]
[[Category:Magnesium compounds]]
[[Category:Metal halides]]
[[Category:Metal halides]]
[[Category:Deliquescent substances]]
[[Category:Deliquescent substances]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
{{Mineral supplements}}
<br>
[[da:Magnesiumchlorid]]
[[de:Magnesiumchlorid]]
[[fr:Chlorure de magnésium]]
[[gl:Cloruro de magnesio]]
[[nl:Magnesiumchloride]]
[[ja:塩化マグネシウム]]
[[pl:Chlorek magnezu]]
[[pt:Cloreto de magnésio]]
[[ru:Хлорид магния]]
[[sk:Chlorid horečnatý]]
[[sr:Магнезијум хлорид]]
[[sv:Magnesiumklorid]]
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Latest revision as of 16:38, 20 August 2015

Magnesium chloride
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Disclaimer

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Overview

Magnesium chloride is an electrolyte that is FDA approved for the treatment of as an electrolyte replenisher in magnesium deficiencies. Common adverse reactions include flushing, sweating, sharply lowered blood pressure, hypothermia, stupor, and ultimately respiratory depression.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

  • As an electrolyte replenisher in magnesium deficiencies.
  • For intravenous infusion: 4 grams in 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, at a rate not exceeding 3 mL per minute. Serum magnesium levels should serve as a guide to continued dosage.
  • USUAL DOSAGE RANGE: 1 to 40 grams daily.
  • Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Magnesium chloride in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Magnesium chloride in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Magnesium chloride in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Magnesium chloride in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Magnesium chloride in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Magnesium Chloride Injection should not be administered if there is renal impairment, marked myocardial disease or to comatose patients.

Warnings

  • Do not use if a precipitate is present.
  • This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
  • Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Magnesium chloride Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): C

  • Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with magnesium chloride. It is also not known whether magnesium chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Magnesium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.


Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Magnesium chloride in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Magnesium chloride during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Magnesium chloride in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Magnesium chloride in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Magnesium chloride overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

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Template:Chembox header2 | Magnesium chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
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Properties
MgCl2
Molar mass 95.211 g/mol (anhydrous)
203.31 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Hazards
Related compounds
Template:Chembox header2 | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Magnesium chloride Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

  • Magnesium Chloride Injection is a sterile solution of Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate in Water for Injection q.s. Each mL contains: Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate 200 mg, Sodium Chloride 9 mg, Benzyl Alcohol 1% as a preservative, Water for Injection, q.s. pH adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid and/or Sodium Hydroxide. Total osmolarity equivalent to 2951 mOsmol/L. Contains 1.97 mEq of Mg++ and Cl¯ per mL.
  • The structural formula is MgCl2•6H2O

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

How Supplied

  • Magnesium Chloride Injection 200 mg/mL (20% w/v)
  • NDC 0517-5034-01 50 mL Multiple Dose Vial Individually boxed

Storage

  • Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F)

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Magnesium chloride in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Magnesium chloride interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

  • MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE ®[1]

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Magnesium chloride Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ "MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE - magnesium chloride injection, solution".

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