Lichen planus (patient information)

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Lichen planus
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
When to seek urgent medical care?
Diagnosis
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Lichen planus?
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Lichen planus On the Web
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Lichen planus
Risk calculators and risk factors for Lichen planus

Editor-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Lichen planus is a disease in which there is an itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth.

What are the symptoms of Lichen planus?

• Mouth lesions:

• Tender or painful (mild cases may have no discomfort)
• Located on the sides of the tongue or the inside of the cheek
• Sometimes located on the gums
• Area of blue-white spots or "pimples"
• Lines of lesions that form a lacy-looking network
• Gradual increase in size of the affected area
• Lesions sometimes form painful ulcers

• Skin lesions:

• Usually located on the inner wrist, legs, torso, or genitals
• Itchy
• Even on both sides (symmetrical)
• Single lesion or clusters of lesions, often at sites of skin injury
• Papule 2 - 4 cm in size
• Papules clustered into a large, flat-topped lesion
• Lesions have distinct, sharp borders
• Possibly covered with fine white streaks or scratch marks called Wickham's striae
• Shiny or scaly appearance
• Dark colored - reddish-purple (skin) or gray-white (mouth)
• Possibility of developing blisters or ulcers

• Other symptoms include:

• Dry mouth
• Hair loss
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Ridges in the nails (nail abnormalities)

What causes Lichen planus?

• The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown. However, it is likely to be related to an allergic or immune reaction.

• Lichen planus generally affects middle-aged adults. It is less common in children.

Who is at highest risk?

Risks include:

• Exposure to medications, dyes, and other chemical substances (including gold, antibiotics, arsenic, iodides, chloroquine, quinacrine, quinide, phenothiazines, and diuretics)
• Disorders such as hepatitis C

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call your health care provider if:

• Your symptoms continue
• The skin or mouth lesions change in appearance
• The condition continues or worsens even with treatment
• Your dentist recommends adjusting your medications or treating conditions that trigger the disorder

Diagnosis

• The health care provider may make the diagnosis based on the appearance of the skin or mouth lesions.

• A skin lesion biopsy or biopsy of a mouth lesion can confirm the diagnosis.

• Blood tests may be done to rule out hepatitis.

Treatment options

• The goal of treatment is to reduce your symptoms and speed healing of the skin lesions.

• If symptoms are mild, you may not need treatment.

• Treatments may include:

• Antihistamines
• Immunosuppressant medications, such as cyclosporine (in severe cases)
• Lidocaine mouthwashes: to numb the area and make eating more comfortable (for mouth lesions)
• Topical corticosteroids (such as clobetasol) or oral corticosteroids (such as prednisone): to reduce swelling and suppress immune responses. :*Corticosteroids may be injected right into a lesion.
• Topical retinoic acid cream (a form of vitamin A) and other ointments or creams: to reduce itching and swelling and aid healing
• Topical immune-suppressing medications, such as tacrolimus and pimecroliumus but lesions must be watched carefully for signs of cancer
• Dressings may be placed over topical medications to protect the skin from scratching.
• Ultraviolet light therapy may be helpful in some cases.
• Oral retinoids (acitretin)

Where to find medical care for Lichen planus?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Lichen planus

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

• Lichen planus is usually not harmful and may get better with treatment. It usually clears up within 18 months.

• However it may last for weeks to months, and may come and go for years. It usually clears up within 18 months.

• If lichen planus is caused by a medication, the rash should go away once the medicine is stopped.

Possible complications

Mouth ulcers that are there for a long time may develop into oral cancer.

Source

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000867.htm