Legionellosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Legionellosis (Legionella spp. infection) can be classified into three types based upon affected organ systems and clinical presentations: pulmonary infection (Legionnaires' disease), extrapulmonary infection, and Pontiac fever.

Classification

  • Legionella infection (syn. Legionellosis)
  • Extrapulmonary legionella infection (syn. Nonpneumonic Legionnaires' disease)
  • Cutaneous involvement legionellosis
  • Disseminated legionella infection
  • Legionella encephalopathy
  • Pontiac fever
  • Infection by Legionella pneumophilia
  • Legionella pneumonia (syn. Legionnaire's disease)
  • Healthcare associated Legionnaires' disease
  • Pittsburgh pneumonia

Legionnaires' Disease vs. Pontiac Fever

Characteristic Legionnaires' disease Pontiac fever
Clinical features Pneumonia, cough, fever Flu-like illness (fever, chills, malaise) without pneumonia
Radiographic pneumonia Yes No
Incubation period 2-14 days after exposure 24-72 hours after exposure
Etiologic agent Legionella species Legionella species
Attack rate[1] < 5% > 90%
Isolation of organism Possible Never
Outcome Hospitalization common
Case-fatality rate: 5-30%
Hospitalization uncommon
Case-fatality rate: 0%

References