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{{Infobox_Disease |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = Laryngitis |
{{Laryngitis}}
  Image          = |
  Caption        = |
  DiseasesDB    = 29347 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|J|04|0|j|00}}, {{ICD10|J|37|0|j|30}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|464.0}}-{{ICD9|464.4}}, {{ICD9|476.0}}-{{ICD9|476.1}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = 001385 |
  eMedicineSubj  = ent |
  eMedicineTopic = 353 |
  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|ent|354}} |
  MeshID        = D007827 |
}}
{{SI}}


'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AG}}


{{Editor Help}}
==[[Laryngitis overview|Overview]]==


==Overview==
==[[Laryngitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
'''Laryngitis''' is an [[inflammation]] of the [[larynx]]. It causes hoarse [[human voice|voice]] or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the [[vocal folds]] (vocal cords) 


Laryngitis is categorized as acute if it lasts less than a few days.<ref>University of Michigan Health System.  2005.  [http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_chronlar_crs.htm Laryngitis]. McKesson Provider Technologies. Retrieved on [[May 16]], [[2007]].</ref> Otherwise it is categorized as [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]], and may last over 3 weeks. 
==[[Laryngitis classification|Classification]]==


==Causes==
==[[Laryngitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* Viral infection
* Bacterial or fungal infection
* Inflammation due to overuse of the vocal cords
* Excessive coughing


==Symptoms==
==[[Laryngitis causes|Causes]]==
Symptoms of laryngitis include a weak and raspy voice, and a dry and sore throat (accompanied with dry [[cough]]ing), tickling in throat. The patient might also complain of pain when swallowing or feeling as if the larynx is swollen. These may also be accompanied by cold-like symptoms (blocked nose etc.)


==Treatment==
==[[Laryngitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Laryngitis from other Diseases]]==
Correct treatment depends on a correct diagnosis of the underlying cause of laryngitis. The most prevalent cause of a missed diagnosis of laryngeal [[cancer]] is a belief that persistent hoarseness is due to laryngitis. Should hoarseness last for more than 3 weeks, one should consult an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat physician) for an examination including direct visualization of the vocal cords. This examination may also detect the presence of [[vocal fold nodules|vocal cord nodules]], a structural change resulting in persistent hoarseness or loss of voice.


If laryngitis is due to a viral cause:
==[[Laryngitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


* [[Ibuprofen]] and [[aspirin]] may help alleviate fever and some of the discomfort associated with laryngitis.
==[[Laryngitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* Patients are advised to avoid [[Speech communication|speaking]] when possible.  They are instructed to speak softly, but to avoid whispering, which further strains the voice.<ref>Mayoclinic.com.  2006.  [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/laryngitis/DS00366/DSECTION=9 Laryngitis: Self care]</ref>
* [[Nasal breathing]] is very important so as not to dry the [[throat]].
* Throat clearing is very bad. The act of clearing one's throat is very stressful and may aggravate the laryngitis.
* Humidifiers and warm showers can also help alleviate some symptoms.
* Airborne irritants such as smoke and allergens may exacerbate the condition.
* Gargling with a salt water rinse is suggested. Mouth rinses containing [[alcohol]] can dry the throat and may exacerbate a viral case of laryngitis (however, these can be helpful when the cause of the infection is bacterial).
* A tea of [[ginger]] may help reduce swelling of the vocal cords and relieve symptoms.
* [[Steroid]] medications may be prescribed to help accelerate the healing of the inflammation present.


If laryngitis is due to [[gastroesophageal reflux]]:
==[[Laryngitis screening|Screening]]==


* The patient may be instructed to take a nonprescription medication such as Zantac or Prilosec for a period of 4-6 weeks.
==[[Laryngitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection:
==Diagnosis==
* The patient may be prescribed a course of antibiotics or anti-fungal medication.
[[Laryngitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Laryngitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Laryngitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Laryngitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Laryngitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Laryngitis CT|CT]] | [[Laryngitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Laryngitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Laryngitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


If persistent hoarseness or loss of voice (''sometimes called'' "laryngitis") is a result of [[vocal fold nodules|vocal cord nodules]]:
==Treatment==
* Physicians may recommend a course of treatment that may include a surgical procedure and/or speech therapy.
[[Laryngitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Laryngitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Laryngitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Laryngitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Laryngitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Laryngitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* Reduction of high-impact stress to the vocal cords caused by loud, frequent, and rapid speech is recommended.


==References==
==Case Studies==
<references/>
[[Laryngitis case study one|Case #1]]
 
==External links==
* [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/laryngitis/DS00366 Mayo Clinic]
* [http://www.VoiceInfo.org VoiceInfo.org]


{{Respiratory pathology}}
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[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Pulmonary]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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[[Category:Otolaryngologic Disease]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Disease state]]


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Latest revision as of 22:28, 29 July 2020

Laryngitis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Laryngitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

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Surgery

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anthony Gallo, B.S. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Laryngitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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