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{{Ischemic colitis}}
{{Ischemic colitis}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MJ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MJ}}, {{HQ}}


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[Risk factor|Risk factors]] associated with ischemic colitis are [[cardiovascular]] and [[pulmonary]] diseases such as [[atherosclerosis]] and [[atrial fibrillation]], [[gastrointestinal]] disease like [[diarrhea]], surgical history and [[medications]].


== Common Risk Factors ==
== Common Risk Factors ==
Common risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid25559486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ |title=ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI) |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=18–44; quiz 45 |year=2015 |pmid=25559486 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.395 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17919313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J |title=Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2008 |pmid=17919313 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F |title=Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management |journal=J Visc Surg |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |year=2013 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18572356">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR |title=Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair |journal=J. Vasc. Surg. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=272–7 |year=2008 |pmid=18572356 |doi=10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO |title=Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction |journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=571–3 |year=1979 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1844392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM |title=Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery |journal=Surgery |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=447–54 |year=1991 |pmid=1844392 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J |title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=7 |pages=623–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10917470 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10625237">{{cite journal |vauthors=John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD |title=Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients |journal=J. Am. Coll. Surg. |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=84–8 |year=2000 |pmid=10625237 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE |title=Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=907–11 |year=2008 |pmid=18524690 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010 |url=}}</ref>
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] associated with ischemic colitis are as follows:<ref name="pmid25559486">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ |title=ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI) |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=18–44; quiz 45 |year=2015 |pmid=25559486 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2014.395 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17919313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J |title=Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis |journal=Neurogastroenterol. Motil. |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=2008 |pmid=17919313 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F |title=Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management |journal=J Visc Surg |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=19–28 |year=2013 |pmid= |doi=10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18572356">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR |title=Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair |journal=J. Vasc. Surg. |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=272–7 |year=2008 |pmid=18572356 |doi=10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hagihara PF, Ernst CB, Griffen WO |title=Incidence of ischemic colitis following abdominal aortic reconstruction |journal=Surg Gynecol Obstet |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=571–3 |year=1979 |pmid= |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1844392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM |title=Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery |journal=Surgery |volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=447–54 |year=1991 |pmid=1844392 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10917470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J |title=Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=7 |pages=623–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10917470 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10625237">{{cite journal |vauthors=John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD |title=Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients |journal=J. Am. Coll. Surg. |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=84–8 |year=2000 |pmid=10625237 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Cardiovascular and pulmonary===
===Cardiovascular and pulmonary===
* Atherosclerosis
* [[Atherosclerosis]]
* Atrial fibrillation
* [[Atrial fibrillation]]
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
* Cerebrovascular disease
* [[Cerebrovascular disease]]
* Congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* Congestive heart failure
* [[Ischemic heart disease]]
* Hypertension
* [[Hypertension]]
* Hypotension
* [[Hypotension]]
* Ischemic heart disease
* [[Peripheral vascular disease]]
* Peripheral vascular disease
* [[Shock]]
* Shock


===Gastrointestinal===
===Gastrointestinal===
* Constipation
* [[Constipation]]
* Diarrhea
* [[Diarrhea]]
* Irritable bowel syndrome
* [[Irritable bowel syndrome]]


===Miscellaneous===
===Miscellaneous===
* Diabetes
* [[Diabetes]]
* Dyslipidemia
* [[Dyslipidemia]]
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
* Systemic rheumatologic disorders
* [[Hemodialysis]]
* Hemodialysis  
* Thrombophilia including factor V Leiden mutation, deficiencies of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III.


===Surgical history===
===Surgical history===
* Abdominal surgery
* [[Abdominal surgery]]
* Aortic surgery
* [[Aortic]] [[surgery]]
** Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, particularly ruptured aneurysm forms  
** [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]] repair, particularly [[Abdominal aortic aneurysm|ruptured]] [[aneurysm]] forms  
** Endovascular therapies
** [[Endovascular surgery]]
** Aortic catheterization  
** [[Aortic]] [[catheterization]]
* Cardiovascular surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass  
* [[Cardiovascular surgery]], [[cardiopulmonary bypass]]


== Less Common Risk Factors ==
== Less Common Risk Factors ==
Less common risk factors that may cause ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18521673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC |title=Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=1422–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18521673 |doi=10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2 |url=}}</ref>
Less common risk factors that may cause ischemic colitis are as follows:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18521673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC |title=Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=1422–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18521673 |doi=10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18524690">{{cite journal |vauthors=Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE |title=Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=907–11 |year=2008 |pmid=18524690 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010 |url=}}</ref>
* Renal disease
* [[Renal disease]]
* Extreme exercise  
* Extreme [[exercise]]
* Mesenteric arteriovenous fistula or malformation
* [[Mesenteric]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] or [[malformation]]
* Ileostomy
* [[Ileostomy]]
* Laparoscopy
* [[Laparoscopy]]
* Prior colon carcinoma
* Prior [[colon carcinoma]]
* [[Thrombophilia]] including [[factor V Leiden mutation]], deficiencies of [[protein C]], [[protein S]], and [[antithrombin III]].
* Genetics: FV R506Q and [[PAI-1]] gene polymorphisms can cause ischemic colitis in young patients without other serious illness.


===Drugs===
===Drugs===
Medication that can cause ischemic colitis are:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21029350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN |title=Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients |journal=Pain Med |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1619–27 |year=2010 |pmid=21029350 |pmc=2972369 |doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15180742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cappell MS |title=Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1175–90 |year=2004 |pmid=15180742 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23535814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED |title=Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=537–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23535814 |doi=10.1345/aph.1R526 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22482921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N |title=High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1226–32 |year=2012 |pmid=22482921 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25908180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vernay J |title=Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report |journal=Presse Med |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=538–41 |year=2015 |pmid=25908180 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25881718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonseka GR, Kurchin A |title=Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis |journal=Headache |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=1008–9 |year=2015 |pmid=25881718 |doi=10.1111/head.12543 |url=}}</ref>
[[Medication]] that can cause ischemic colitis are as follows:<ref name="pmid19765672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Longstreth GF, Yao JF |title=Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |year=2010 |pmid=19765672 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21029350">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN |title=Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients |journal=Pain Med |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=1619–27 |year=2010 |pmid=21029350 |pmc=2972369 |doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15180742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cappell MS |title=Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1175–90 |year=2004 |pmid=15180742 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23535814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED |title=Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature |journal=Ann Pharmacother |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=537–42 |year=2013 |pmid=23535814 |doi=10.1345/aph.1R526 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22482921">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N |title=High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1226–32 |year=2012 |pmid=22482921 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25908180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vernay J |title=Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report |journal=Presse Med |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=538–41 |year=2015 |pmid=25908180 |doi=10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25881718">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonseka GR, Kurchin A |title=Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis |journal=Headache |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=1008–9 |year=2015 |pmid=25881718 |doi=10.1111/head.12543 |url=}}</ref>
 
* [[Alosetron]]
Alosetron
* [[Digitalis]]
Digitalis
* [[Diuretics]]
Diuretics
* [[Cocaine]]
Cocaine
* [[Estrogen|Estrogens]]
Estrogens
* [[Danazol]]
Danazol
* [[NSAIDs]]
NSAIDs
* [[Tegaserod]]
Tegaserod
* [[Vasoactive]] substances
Vasoactive substances
* [[Paclitaxel]] and [[carboplatin]]
Paclitaxel and carboplatin
* [[Sumatriptan]]
Sumatriptan
* [[Antipsychotics]]
Antipsychotics
* [[Simvastatin]]
Simvastatin
* [[Quetiapine]]
Quetiapine
* [[Rizatriptan]]
Rizatriptan


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 14:40, 2 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2], Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [3]

Overview

Risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases such as atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation, gastrointestinal disease like diarrhea, surgical history and medications.

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors associated with ischemic colitis are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5][4][6][7][8]

Cardiovascular and pulmonary

Gastrointestinal

Miscellaneous

Surgical history

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors that may cause ischemic colitis are as follows:[3][9][10]

Drugs

Medication that can cause ischemic colitis are as follows:[3][11][12][13][14][15][16]

References

  1. ↑ Brandt LJ, Feuerstadt P, Longstreth GF, Boley SJ (2015). "ACG clinical guideline: epidemiology, risk factors, patterns of presentation, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia (CI)". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 110 (1): 18–44, quiz 45. doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.395. PMID 25559486.
  2. ↑ Chang L, Kahler KH, Sarawate C, Quimbo R, Kralstein J (2008). "Assessment of potential risk factors associated with ischaemic colitis". Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 20 (1): 36–42. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01015.x. PMID 17919313.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Longstreth GF, Yao JF (2010). "Diseases and drugs that increase risk of acute large bowel ischemia". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.006. PMID 19765672.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Moszkowicz D, Mariani A, Trésallet C, Menegaux F (2013). "Ischemic colitis: the ABCs of diagnosis and surgical management". J Visc Surg. 150 (1): 19–28. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2013.01.002.
  5. ↑ Perry RJ, Martin MJ, Eckert MJ, Sohn VY, Steele SR (2008). "Colonic ischemia complicating open vs endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair". J. Vasc. Surg. 48 (2): 272–7. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.040. PMID 18572356.
  6. ↑ Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM (1991). "Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery". Surgery. 109 (4): 447–54. PMID 1844392.
  7. ↑ Fitzgerald T, Kim D, Karakozis S, Alam H, Provido H, Kirkpatrick J (2000). "Visceral ischemia after cardiopulmonary bypass". Am Surg. 66 (7): 623–6. PMID 10917470.
  8. ↑ John AS, Tuerff SD, Kerstein MD (2000). "Nonocclusive mesenteric infarction in hemodialysis patients". J. Am. Coll. Surg. 190 (1): 84–8. PMID 10625237.
  9. ↑ Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Andrews JC (2008). "Ischemic colitis: an unusual case of inferior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula causing venous hypertension. Report of a case". Dis. Colon Rectum. 51 (9): 1422–4. doi:10.1007/s10350-008-9377-2. PMID 18521673.
  10. ↑ Theodoropoulou A, Sfiridaki A, Oustamanolakis P, Vardas E, Livadiotaki A, Boumpaki A, Paspatis G, Koutroubakis IE (2008). "Genetic risk factors in young patients with ischemic colitis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6 (8): 907–11. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.010. PMID 18524690.
  11. ↑ Zhou Q, Fillingim RB, Riley JL, Verne GN (2010). "Ischemic hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome patients". Pain Med. 11 (11): 1619–27. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00954.x. PMC 2972369. PMID 21029350.
  12. ↑ Cappell MS (2004). "Colonic toxicity of administered drugs and chemicals". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (6): 1175–90. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30192.x. PMID 15180742.
  13. ↑ Salk A, Stobaugh DJ, Deepak P, Ehrenpreis ED (2013). "Ischemic colitis with type I interferons used in the treatment of hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis: an evaluation from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system and review of the literature". Ann Pharmacother. 47 (4): 537–42. doi:10.1345/aph.1R526. PMID 23535814.
  14. ↑ Elramah M, Einstein M, Mori N, Vakil N (2012). "High mortality of cocaine-related ischemic colitis: a hybrid cohort/case-control study". Gastrointest. Endosc. 75 (6): 1226–32. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.016. PMID 22482921.
  15. ↑ Vernay J (2015). "Quetiapine-induced ischemic colitis. A case report". Presse Med. 44 (5): 538–41. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2015.02.015. PMID 25908180.
  16. ↑ Fonseka GR, Kurchin A (2015). "Case Report: Rizatriptan-Induced Ischemic Colitis". Headache. 55 (7): 1008–9. doi:10.1111/head.12543. PMID 25881718.

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