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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Insomnia''' is a [[sleep disorder]]  characterized by an inability to [[sleep]] and/or inability to remain asleep for a reasonable period. Insomniacs typically complain of being unable to close their eyes or "rest their mind" for more than a few minutes at a time. Both organic and nonorganic insomnia constitute a [[sleep disorder]].<ref>http://www3.who.int/icd/currentversion/fr-icd.htm?gf50.htm+f510 </ref><ref>http://www3.who.int/icd/currentversion/fr-icd.htm?gg40.htm+g47 </ref>.Insomnia is a medical term for a sleep disorder, in which a person have difficulty with falling asleep, staying asleep or feeling unfresh in the morning because of poor sleep<ref>Mysliwiec V, Martin JL, Ulmer CS, Chowdhuri S, Brock MS, Spevak C; et al. (2020). "The Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Synopsis of the 2019 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines". Ann Intern Med. doi:10.7326/M19-3575. PMID 32066145 Check |pmid= value (help).<templatestyles </ref>. Insomnia is one of the frequently reported complaints in adult population, it is reported that 30-40% of the adult population is the US have insomnia<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data_statistics.html</ref>. The [[DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Insomnia Disorder]] is, difficulty with sleep for at least three days per week for consecutive three months.
 
==Classification==
==Classification==
Insomnia is classified according to the duration and pattern as follows:
*Insomnia may be classified according to the duration by the 3rd Edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD-3) into 3 groups:<ref name="pmid30862990">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bollu PC, Kaur H |title=Sleep Medicine: Insomnia and Sleep |journal=Mo Med |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=68–75 |date=2019 |pmid=30862990 |pmc=6390785 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
**Short-term insomnia disorder (< 3 months)
===Duration of insomnia===
**Chronic insomnia disorder (sleep disturbances that occur at least three times per week for > 3 months)
 
**Other insomnia disorder (sleep disturbances that do not meet the criteria for aforementioned groups)
Insomnia is classified as transient, acute, and chronic.
 
#'''Transient insomnia''' lasts from one night to a few weeks. The common causes of transient insomnia are [[jet lag]] and short-term [[anxiety]]. If the frequency of transient insomnia increase it becomes intermittent insomnia.
#'''[[Acute (medical)|Acute]] insomnia''' is the inability to consistently sleep well for a period of between three weeks to six months.
#'''[[chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] insomnia''' is regarded as the most serious; persists almost nightly for at least a month.


===Patterns of Insomnia===
*Historically, [[Insomnia]] was classified according to the presence of a comorbid condition (primary versus secondary insomnia) and the presence of an organic cause (organic vs non-organic). Then primary insomnia further classified by the 2nd Edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorder into:
The pattern of insomnia is often related to the etiology.[http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic609.htm]
**Psychophysiologic
**Idiopathic
**Paradoxical (sleep-state misperception)
*However, due to the difficulty in the distinction of associations with comorbid diseases, the uncertain direction of causality between insomnia and comorbid diseases, and insufficient treatment of the sleep disturbance in patients with secondary insomnia (this classification resulted in focusing the comorbid condition while ignoring the treatment of insomnia), ICSD-3 bring together all insomnia diagnoses (ie, “primary” and “comorbid”) under the same roof, which is chronic insomnia disorder.<ref name="pmid25367475">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sateia MJ |title=International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications |journal=Chest |volume=146 |issue=5 |pages=1387–1394 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25367475 |doi=10.1378/chest.14-0970 |url=}}</ref>


# Initial insomnia - difficulty falling asleep at the beginning of the night, often associated with [[anxiety disorder]]s.
# Middle insomnia - waking during the middle of the night, difficulty maintaining sleep. Often associated with pain syndromes or medical illness.
# Terminal (or late) insomnia - early morning waking. Characteristic of [[Clinical depression]].


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 11:05, 19 June 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adnan Ezici, M.D[2]

Overview

Classification

  • Insomnia may be classified according to the duration by the 3rd Edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorder (ICSD-3) into 3 groups:[1]
    • Short-term insomnia disorder (< 3 months)
    • Chronic insomnia disorder (sleep disturbances that occur at least three times per week for > 3 months)
    • Other insomnia disorder (sleep disturbances that do not meet the criteria for aforementioned groups)
  • Historically, Insomnia was classified according to the presence of a comorbid condition (primary versus secondary insomnia) and the presence of an organic cause (organic vs non-organic). Then primary insomnia further classified by the 2nd Edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorder into:
    • Psychophysiologic
    • Idiopathic
    • Paradoxical (sleep-state misperception)
  • However, due to the difficulty in the distinction of associations with comorbid diseases, the uncertain direction of causality between insomnia and comorbid diseases, and insufficient treatment of the sleep disturbance in patients with secondary insomnia (this classification resulted in focusing the comorbid condition while ignoring the treatment of insomnia), ICSD-3 bring together all insomnia diagnoses (ie, “primary” and “comorbid”) under the same roof, which is chronic insomnia disorder.[2]


References

  1. ↑ Bollu PC, Kaur H (2019). "Sleep Medicine: Insomnia and Sleep". Mo Med. 116 (1): 68–75. PMC 6390785. PMID 30862990.
  2. ↑ Sateia MJ (November 2014). "International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications". Chest. 146 (5): 1387–1394. doi:10.1378/chest.14-0970. PMID 25367475.
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