Inguinal hernia: Difference between revisions
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==[[Inguinal hernia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | ==[[Inguinal hernia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | ||
==[[Inguinal hernia classification|Classification]]== | ==[[Inguinal hernia classification|Classification]]== | ||
Revision as of 17:02, 23 January 2018
For patient information page on Hernia, click here
For patient information on Inguinal hernia repair, click here Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
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Inguinal hernia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Inguinal hernia On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Inguinal hernia |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Reinforcement of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal and tightening of the external inguinal ring was first discovered by Stromayr in 1559. In 1871, new use of carbolized catgut ligature was developed by Marcy to treat inguinal hernia. Twisted and suture-transfixed the peritoneal sac in the lateral muscles through the external ring was developed by Kocher to treat inguinal hernia.
Pathophysiology
Directed inguinal hernia is caused by protrusion through Hesselbach triangle, passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels. Indirected inguinal hernia is caused by passes through internal inguinal ring, traverses inguinal canal to external ring, and may extend into scrotum in males and labia major in females.
Causes
Common causes of inguinal hernia include combination of increased pressure within the abdomen and a pre-existing weak spot in the abdominal wall, chronic coughing or sneezing, heavy lifting such as weightlifting, abdominal wall defects and advanced age.
Differentiating Inguinal hernia from other Diseases
Inguinal hernia must be differentiated testicular torsion, epididymitis, hydrocele, varicocele, spermatocele, epididymal cyst and testicular tumor.
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of inguinal hernia is approximately 110 per 100,000 individuals in years aged 16-24 years to 2000 per 100,000 person years aged 75 years or above in men.*The prevalence of inguinal hernia is approximately 1700 per 100,000 individuals for all ages and 4000 per 100,000 for those aged over 45 yearsworldwide. The incidence of inguinal hernia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 40-59 years. Male are more commonly affected by inguinal hernia than female. The male to female ratio is approximately 9 to 1.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of inguinal hernia include history of hernia or prior hernia repair, older age, male gender, obesity.
Screening
There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for inguinal hernia.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin. If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, strangulation. Prognosis is generally good, and mortalilty is very rare.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
de:Leistenbruch el:Βουβωνοκήλη it:Ernia#Ernia inguinale nl:Liesbreuk