Immune checkpoint: Difference between revisions
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The CTLA-4 Antigen is "an inhibitory [[T cell]] receptor that is closely related to [[CD28 antigen]]. It has specificity for [[CD80 antigen]] and [[CD86 antigen]] and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing [[peripheral tolerance]]."<ref>{{MeSH|CTLA-4 Antigen}}</ref> | The CTLA-4 Antigen is "an inhibitory [[T cell]] receptor that is closely related to [[CD28 antigen]]. It has specificity for [[CD80 antigen]] and [[CD86 antigen]] and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing [[peripheral tolerance]]."<ref>{{MeSH|CTLA-4 Antigen}}</ref> | ||
[[Ipilimumab]] may cause autoimmune pituitary disease<ref name="pmid23471977">{{cite journal| author=Corsello SM, Barnabei A, Marchetti P, De Vecchis L, Salvatori R, Torino F| title=Endocrine side effects induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2013 | volume= 98 | issue= 4 | pages= 1361-75 | pmid=23471977 | doi=10.1210/jc.2012-4075 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23471977 }} </ref>. | |||
Examples: | |||
* [[Ipilimumab]] (Yervoy) | * [[Ipilimumab]] (Yervoy) | ||
Revision as of 16:54, 13 November 2017
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target immune checkpoints.
PD-1 inhibitors
These antibodies target the Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1 Receptor). Programmed Cell Death Type I is also known as apoptosis. The PD-1 Receptor is "an inhibitory T-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for CD274 antigen and Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein."[1][2]
Pembrolizumab was approved by the FDA for “patients with unresectable or metastatic, microsatellite-instability–high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair–deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, regardless of tumor site or histology”. [3]
Examples:
- Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
- Nivolumab (Opdivo)
PD-L1 inhibitors
- Atezolizumab (Tecentriq)
- Avelumab (Bavencio)
- Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
CTLA-4 blockade
The CTLA-4 Antigen is "an inhibitory T cell receptor that is closely related to CD28 antigen. It has specificity for CD80 antigen and CD86 antigen and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing peripheral tolerance."[4]
Ipilimumab may cause autoimmune pituitary disease[5].
Examples:
- Ipilimumab (Yervoy)
See also
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Boussiotis VA (2016). "Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway". N Engl J Med. 375 (18): 1767–1778. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1514296. PMC 5575761. PMID 27806234.
- ↑ Lemery S, Keegan P, Pazdur R (2017). "First FDA Approval Agnostic of Cancer Site - When a Biomarker Defines the Indication". N Engl J Med. 377 (15): 1409–1412. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1709968. PMID 29020592.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), CTLA-4 Antigen (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Corsello SM, Barnabei A, Marchetti P, De Vecchis L, Salvatori R, Torino F (2013). "Endocrine side effects induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98 (4): 1361–75. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4075. PMID 23471977.