Immune checkpoint: Difference between revisions
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===PD-1 inhibitors=== | ===PD-1 inhibitors=== | ||
These antibodies target the [[Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor]] (PD-1 Receptor). Programmed Cell Death Type I is also known as [[apoptosis]]. The PD-1 Receptor is "an inhibitory T-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for [[CD274 antigen]] and [[Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein]]."<ref>{{MeSH|Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor}}</ref><ref name="pmid27806234">{{cite journal| author=Boussiotis VA| title=Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 375 | issue= 18 | pages= 1767-1778 | pmid=27806234 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1514296 | pmc=5575761 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27806234 }} </ref> | These antibodies target the [[Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor]] (PD-1 Receptor). Programmed Cell Death Type I is also known as [[apoptosis]]. The PD-1 Receptor is "an inhibitory T-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for [[CD274 antigen]] and [[Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein]]."<ref>{{MeSH|Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor}}</ref><ref name="pmid27806234">{{cite journal| author=Boussiotis VA| title=Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 375 | issue= 18 | pages= 1767-1778 | pmid=27806234 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1514296 | pmc=5575761 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27806234 }} </ref> | ||
[[Pembrolizumab]] was approved by the [[FDA]] for “patients with unresectable or metastatic, microsatellite-instability–high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair–deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, regardless of tumor site or histology”. <ref name="pmid29020592">{{cite journal| author=Lemery S, Keegan P, Pazdur R| title=First FDA Approval Agnostic of Cancer Site - When a Biomarker Defines the Indication. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2017 | volume= 377 | issue= 15 | pages= 1409-1412 | pmid=29020592 | doi=10.1056/NEJMp1709968 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29020592 }} </ref> | |||
Examples: | |||
* [[Pembrolizumab]] (Keytruda) | * [[Pembrolizumab]] (Keytruda) | ||
* [[Nivolumab]] (Opdivo) | * [[Nivolumab]] (Opdivo) | ||
Revision as of 05:39, 13 November 2017
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target immune checkpoints.
PD-1 inhibitors
These antibodies target the Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (PD-1 Receptor). Programmed Cell Death Type I is also known as apoptosis. The PD-1 Receptor is "an inhibitory T-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for CD274 antigen and Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein."[1][2]
Pembrolizumab was approved by the FDA for “patients with unresectable or metastatic, microsatellite-instability–high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair–deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, regardless of tumor site or histology”. [3]
Examples:
- Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
- Nivolumab (Opdivo)
PD-L1 inhibitors
- Atezolizumab (Tecentriq)
- Avelumab (Bavencio)
- Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
CTLA-4 blockade
The CTLA-4 Antigen is "an inhibitory T cell receptor that is closely related to CD28 antigen. It has specificity for CD80 antigen and CD86 antigen and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing peripheral tolerance."[4]
- Ipilimumab (Yervoy)
See also
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Boussiotis VA (2016). "Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway". N Engl J Med. 375 (18): 1767–1778. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1514296. PMC 5575761. PMID 27806234.
- ↑ Lemery S, Keegan P, Pazdur R (2017). "First FDA Approval Agnostic of Cancer Site - When a Biomarker Defines the Indication". N Engl J Med. 377 (15): 1409–1412. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1709968. PMID 29020592.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), CTLA-4 Antigen (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.