Hypocalcemia overview: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypocalcemia}} | {{Hypocalcemia}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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[[Calcium]] is the most abundant mineral in the body. 99% of the body's calcium is stored in bone. Calcium is found in plasma and is either protein-bound or ionized and readily available. | [[Calcium]] is the most abundant mineral in the body. 99% of the body's calcium is stored in bone. Calcium is found in plasma and is either protein-bound or ionized and readily available. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
==Differentiating Hypocalcemia from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Primary Prevention=== | |||
===Secondary Prevention=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
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[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 12:06, 22 July 2016
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Hypocalcemia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Hypocalcemia overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypocalcemia overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Hypocalcemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood, usually taken as less than 3.5 mmol/L or 8.8 mg/dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1.1 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL). It is a type of electrolyte disturbance. In the blood, about half of all calcium is bound to proteins such as serum albumin, but it is the unbound, or ionized, calcium that the body regulates. If a person has abnormal levels of blood proteins then the plasma calcium may be inaccurate. The ionized calcium level is considered more clinically accurate in this case.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. 99% of the body's calcium is stored in bone. Calcium is found in plasma and is either protein-bound or ionized and readily available.