Hydrocephalus physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Physical examination shows progressive enlargement of head in infants. Depending upon the rate of development duration of hydrocephalus, signs of [[increased intracranial pressure]] may be seen. | Physical examination shows progressive enlargement of head in infants. Depending upon the rate of development duration of hydrocephalus, signs of [[increased intracranial pressure]] may be seen. | ||
== Physical Examination == | |||
==Appearance of the Patient== | |||
* The patient may appear [[anxious]]. | |||
* The patient is often sitting upright and has [[difficulty breathing]]. | |||
* The patient is often [[confused]]. | |||
* [[Obesity]] may be present. | |||
* The patient may complain of pain and may be in distress | |||
== Vital Signs == | |||
==Pulse== | ==Pulse== | ||
*The rate and rhythm is given below: | *The rate and rhythm is given below: | ||
| Line 45: | Line 27: | ||
*Blood Pressure: | *Blood Pressure: | ||
**[[Hypertension]] may be present. | **[[Hypertension]] may be present. | ||
*Respiratory Rate | *Respiratory Rate is given below: | ||
**Increase in [[respiratory rate]] | **Increase in [[respiratory rate]]. | ||
**[[Apnea]] may be present in infants. | **[[Apnea]] may be present in infants. | ||
==Head== | ==Head== | ||
| Line 59: | Line 41: | ||
==Eyes== | ==Eyes== | ||
* [[Papilledema]] | * [[Papilledema]] | ||
==Neurologic== | ==Neurologic== | ||
*[[Abducens nerve palsy]] | *[[Abducens nerve palsy]]. | ||
*Vertical [[gaze palsy]] | *Vertical [[gaze palsy]]. | ||
*[[Parinaud syndrome]] due to compression of the [[quadrigeminal plate]], where the neural centers coordinating the conjugated vertical eye movement are | *[[Parinaud syndrome]] due to compression of the [[quadrigeminal plate]], where the neural centers coordinating the conjugated vertical eye movement are intact. | ||
*[[Pyramidal tract signs]] are seen in most cases | *[[Pyramidal tract signs]] are seen in most cases. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 04:30, 13 August 2018
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Hydrocephalus physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hydrocephalus physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hydrocephalus physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun M.D., PhD.Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Physical examination shows progressive enlargement of head in infants. Depending upon the rate of development duration of hydrocephalus, signs of increased intracranial pressure may be seen.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- The patient may appear anxious.
- The patient is often sitting upright and has difficulty breathing.
- The patient may complain of pain and may be in distress
Vital Signs
Pulse
- The rate and rhythm is given below:
- Rate
- Bradycardia may be present.
- Rhythm
- The pulse is regular.
- Blood Pressure:
- Hypertension may be present.
- Respiratory Rate is given below:
- Increase in respiratory rate.
- Apnea may be present in infants.
Head
Infants
- Large head: Head circumference is measured and recorded.
- Anterior fontanel is wide and bulging
- Scalp veins are visible and prominent
Older children
- Cranial bruit may be audible in cases of arteriovenous malformation
- Macewen's sign: Tapping (percussion) the skull near the junction of the frontal, temporal and parietal bones will produce a stronger resonant sound when either hydrocephalus or a brain abscess are present.
Eyes
Neurologic
- Abducens nerve palsy.
- Vertical gaze palsy.
- Parinaud syndrome due to compression of the quadrigeminal plate, where the neural centers coordinating the conjugated vertical eye movement are intact.
- Pyramidal tract signs are seen in most cases.