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==Common Risk Factors==
==Common Risk Factors==
Common risk factors that may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma are:<ref name="cancergov">National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015.http://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/adult-liver-treatment-pdq</ref><ref name="pmid22021666">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trichopoulos D, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Fedirko V, Trepo E, Jenab M, Pischon T, Nöthlings U, Overved K, Tjønneland A, Outzen M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Benetou V, Zylis D, Palli D, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Van Kranen HJ, Peeters PH, Lund E, Quirós JR, González CA, Sanchez Perez MJ, Navarro C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Lindkvist B, Regnér S, Werner M, Hallmans G, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key T, Romieu I, Chuang SC, Murphy N, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A, Riboli E |title=Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors and disease burden in a European cohort: a nested case-control study |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=103 |issue=22 |pages=1686–95 |year=2011 |pmid=22021666 |pmc=3216968 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djr395 |url=}}</ref><ref>Cecil, Russell L., James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H. Smith. ''Textbook of ''. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988. Print.</ref>
Common risk factors that may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma are:<ref name="cancergov">National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015.http://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/adult-liver-treatment-pdq</ref><ref name="pmid22021666">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trichopoulos D, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Fedirko V, Trepo E, Jenab M, Pischon T, Nöthlings U, Overved K, Tjønneland A, Outzen M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Benetou V, Zylis D, Palli D, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Van Kranen HJ, Peeters PH, Lund E, Quirós JR, González CA, Sanchez Perez MJ, Navarro C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Lindkvist B, Regnér S, Werner M, Hallmans G, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key T, Romieu I, Chuang SC, Murphy N, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A, Riboli E |title=Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors and disease burden in a European cohort: a nested case-control study |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=103 |issue=22 |pages=1686–95 |year=2011 |pmid=22021666 |pmc=3216968 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djr395 |url=}}</ref><ref>Cecil, Russell L., James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H. Smith. ''Textbook of ''. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988. Print.</ref><ref name="urlRedirecting">{{cite web |url=https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.010 |title=Redirecting |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*[[Chronic hepatitis B]]
*[[Chronic hepatitis B]]
*[[Chronic hepatitis C]]  
*[[Chronic hepatitis C]]  

Revision as of 01:37, 28 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2] Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [3]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and inherited metabolic diseases.

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors that may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma are:[1][2][3][4]

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors that may increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma are:[5][6][7]

References

  1. National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015.http://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/adult-liver-treatment-pdq
  2. Trichopoulos D, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Fedirko V, Trepo E, Jenab M, Pischon T, Nöthlings U, Overved K, Tjønneland A, Outzen M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Benetou V, Zylis D, Palli D, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Van Kranen HJ, Peeters PH, Lund E, Quirós JR, González CA, Sanchez Perez MJ, Navarro C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Lindkvist B, Regnér S, Werner M, Hallmans G, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key T, Romieu I, Chuang SC, Murphy N, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A, Riboli E (2011). "Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factors and disease burden in a European cohort: a nested case-control study". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 103 (22): 1686–95. doi:10.1093/jnci/djr395. PMC 3216968. PMID 22021666.
  3. Cecil, Russell L., James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H. Smith. Textbook of . Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988. Print.
  4. "Redirecting".
  5. Clavière C, Bronowicki JP, Hudziak H, Bigard MA, Gaucher P (1998). "[Role of sex steroids and their receptors in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma]". Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. (in French). 22 (1): 73–86. PMID 9762169.
  6. "Studies of Cancer in Humans - Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking - NCBI Bookshelf".
  7. "Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking". IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 83: 1–1438. 2004. PMC 4781536. PMID 15285078.


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