Hepatocellular carcinoma historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Hepatocellular carcinoma was first noted to be associated with hepatitis B infection in 1970.
Historical Perspective
- In 1910 Eggel in Germany did a survey on the world literature for HCC autopsies out of which he discovered only 163 cases including one of his own, and he demonstrated his gross anatomical classification, and it was then speculated that the European numbers were far higher than those outside Europe.[1]
- In 1911,Yamagiwa suggested a new classification based on the cancer cell origin i.e, hepatocellular and cholangiocellular, with the proposed terminology of hepatoma and cholangioma,which was considered a reasonable classification but these terms were used to include benign lesion as well because of which the perplexity continued.[2][3]
- In 1951,Berman drew the worlds attention through his publication towards the extremely high incidence of HCC among young mozambican males which was over 500 times as common as among the northern European counteparts. Higginson followed up and studied the global epidemiology and confirmed Berman’s report.
- Edmondson with Peters and Simson, Steiner, Nakashima, unequivocally presented that there is a huge regional variation in pathology and that the HCC does not represent a single disease. The HCC possessing liver weighed more than 4 kg at autopsy among the South African blacks and less than 2 kg in Japan 6.[4][5][6][7]
- Hepatocellular carcinoma was first noted to be associated with hepatitis B infection in 1970.[8]
- Okuda K, Fujimoto I, Hanai A and Urano Y published a study in Japan in 1987 stating the changing trends in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan stating the increase in HCC cases with chronic hepatitis C infection with cirrhosis were reported in majority than those with cirrhosis and hepatitis B infection.[9]
- In another study by Colombo et al published in 1991 it was noted that in west patients with liver cirrhosis were at substantial risk for hepatocellular carcinoma as amongst the asian population, with a yearly incidence rate of 3 percent.[10]
- A comparison between the northern European countries was obtained, where the lancet used for smallpox vaccination was changed for every child in the distant past, it seemed that smallpox vaccination rather than intramuscular injection of vaccine was a significant iatrogenic factor for HCV infection and HCV-associated HCC in those countries where the same lancet was used repeatedly for vaccination.[3]
- In 1965 another study was done by the Japanese surgeons, pathologists and radiologists comprising of 829 participating institutes with more than 17,500 cases of primary liver malignancies were compiled yearly which invested greatly towards the progress in the diagnosis and management of HCC leading to the analysis of prognosis through established data from the huge number of cases. A broad clinical and pathologic study of small and early HCC was carried out by the Japanese hepatologists and radiologists and an early detection (screening) programme was developed in which ultrasound and alpha foetoprotein (AFP) measurement are carried out at regular intervals, which lead to an early detection international strategy for diagnosis and management of HCC.[11]
- Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) therapy and lipiodol-assisted chemoembolisation was adopted in Japan in 1983.
- Kyoto University Japan, developed a technique to use the right lobe of the donor liver. Total of 48 adult HCC cases underwent transplant until April 2002 with good outcomes.
- The on going advancement in harvesting embryonic stem cells for tissue production strongly predicts that the liver transplantation may someday be replaced by stem cell evolved liver cells. A number of techniques will evolve for the use of in vitro and in vivo produced hepatocytes derived from stem cells for liver transplantation.
References
- ↑ Eggel H, Ueber das prim&-e Carcinom der Leber. Beitr z path Ana z allg Path 1910;30:506-604
- ↑ Yamagiwa K. Zum Kenntniss des prim%ren parenchymatosen Leberkarzinoms (“Hepatoma”). Virchows Arch Path Anat 1911;203:75-131.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Okuda K (2002). "Hepatocellular carcinoma--history, current status and perspectives". Dig Liver Dis. 34 (9): 613–6. PMID 12405244.
- ↑ Berman C. Primary carcinoma of the Liver. London: Higginson Lewis; 19.5 1.
- ↑ Okuda K, Peters RL, Simson IW. Gross anatomical features of hepatocellular carcinoma from three disparate geographic areas Proposal of new classification. Cancer 1984;54:2165-73.
- ↑ Steiner PE. Cancer of the liver and cirrhosis in trans-Saharan Africa and the United States of America. Cancer 1960;13:1085-166.
- ↑ Nakashima T, Okuda K, Kojiro M, Jimi A, Yamaguchi R, Sakamoto K, Ikari T (1983). "Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. 232 Consecutive cases autopsied in ten years". Cancer. 51 (5): 863–77. PMID 6295617.
- ↑ Di Bisceglie AM (2009). "Hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology. 49 (5 Suppl): S56–60. doi:10.1002/hep.22962. PMC 3047495. PMID 19399807.
- ↑ Okuda K, Fujimoto I, Hanai A, Urano Y (1987). "Changing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan". Cancer Res. 47 (18): 4967–72. PMID 3040235.
- ↑ Colombo M, de Franchis R, Del Ninno E, Sangiovanni A, De Fazio C, Tommasini M, Donato MF, Piva A, Di Carlo V, Dioguardi N (1991). "Hepatocellular carcinoma in Italian patients with cirrhosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 325 (10): 675–80. doi:10.1056/NEJM199109053251002. PMID 1651452.
- ↑ Okuda K, The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan. Primary liver cancer in Japan. Cancer 1980;45:2663-9.