Hematemesis overview

Revision as of 03:13, 5 September 2012 by WikiBot (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Hematemesis}} {{CMG}} {{JFS}} ==Overview== '''Hematemesis''' or '''haematemesis''' is the vomiting of blood. The source is generally the upper [[gastrointe...")
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Hematemesis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hematemesis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Hematemesis overview On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hematemesis overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Hematemesis overview

CDC on Hematemesis overview

Hematemesis overview in the news

Blogs on Hematemesis overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hematemesis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hematemesis overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.

Overview

Hematemesis or haematemesis is the vomiting of blood. The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI). Patients can easily confuse it with hemoptysis (coughing up blood), although the former is more common. The most common causes of upper GI bleeding include bleeding peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, and variceal bleed. A nasogastric tube lavage that yields blood or coffee-ground like material confirms the diagnosis and predicts whether bleeding is caused by a high-risk lesion. The initial evaluation of the patient with UGI bleeding involves an assessment of hemodynamic stability and resuscitation if necessary. Upper endoscopy usually follows, with the goal of both diagnosis, and in some circumstances, treatment of the specific disorder. Important elements of the history include use of NSAIDs, alcohol, history of liver disease or variceal bleeding, history of ulcers, weight loss, dysphagia, or an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The latter may indicate aortoenteric fistula. Any recent surgical procedure especially one involving the GI tract is also relevant. Endoscopic, clinical, and laboratory features are useful for risk stratification of patients who present with UGI bleeding. In addition, gastroenterology and surgical consultation are usually required, especially for high risk patients.

References