HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology

Revision as of 05:11, 6 April 2021 by Mohamed riad (talk | contribs) (→‎Pathophysiology)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

HIV coinfection with tuberculosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating HIV coinfection with tuberculosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology

CDC on HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology

HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating HIV coinfection with tuberculosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for HIV coinfection with tuberculosis pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The likelihood of getting sick with other infections and diseases is much more in HIV-infected individuals. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of these diseases. TB commonly affects the lungs; however, It can sometimes affects other organs and body parts, such as the brain, heart, kidneys, or spine.

Pathophysiology

  • HIV infection weakens the immune system allowing TB infection to activate and turn into active TB disease. Individuals with both TB infection and HIV infection has a very high risk of developing active TB disease. Without treatment, these two infections can work together, to shorten the life span of the person infected with both.

Do all people with HIV get TB disease?

No, but it does increases the chance of getting TB disease if patient have both TB infection and HIV infection. For this reason, if patient have HIV infection, the doctor must also get a TB skin test.

What is the difference between latent TB infection and active TB disease?

TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The infectious droplets containing the mycobacteria are expelled into the air when a patient with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs or sneezes. Individuals nearby may get exposed and inhale these mycobacteria and therefore they get infected. However, not everyone gets exposed and infected with TB mycobacteria becomes sick. As a result, two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection and active TB disease.

Most people who get exposed to TB mycobacteria and become infected are able to control the bacteria and stop them from growing. Consequently, the bacteria become inactive, but they remain dormant and alive in the body and can get activated later if the immune system is impaired and cannot control the growing of the mycobacterial infection. This is called latent TB infection. With impaired immune system, these mycobacteria begin to multiply in the body and cause active TB disease.

There are an estimated 9 to 14 million persons in the United States infected with TB bacteria. However, it has been reported that most people who have latent TB infection never develop active TB disease. In these people, the TB bacteria remain inactive for a lifetime without causing disease. Individuals with latent TB infection do not feel sick or spread TB mycobacteria to others. Since HIV affects the immune system, people with latent TB infection and HIV coinfection are at much higher risk of developing active TB disease. These mycobacteria begin to multiply in the body and cause active TB disease.

References

Template:WH Template:WS