HIV coinfection with tuberculosis history and symptoms

HIV coinfection with tuberculosis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Symptoms

• In early-stage HIV infection (CD4 count >300 cells per µL), TB typically presents as a pulmonary disease.

• In advanced HIV infection, TB often presents atypically with extra-pulmonary (systemic) disease a common feature.

In patients with severe immunosuppression are lower-zone, noncavitating nodular opacities or consolidation, often with hilar or mediastinal adenopathy.

• Symptoms are usually constitutional and are not localized to one particular site, often affecting bone marrow, bone, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, liver, regional lymph nodes, and the central nervous system.

• Inpatients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in countries with a high burden of HIV infection and tuberculosis frequently present with sepsis and organ dysfunction.And almost half of them have mycobacteremia.
• Bloodstream infection with M. tuberculosis can be associated with coagulopathy, elevated levels of markers of endothelial damage, and innate immune system activation and immune dysfunction