Guillain-Barré syndrome epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Guillain-Barré syndrome}}
{{Guillain-Barré syndrome}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Fs}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Guillain-Barré syndrome''' ('''GBS''') is an acute, autoimmune, [[neuropathy|polyradiculoneuropathy]] affecting the [[peripheral nervous system]], usually triggered by an acute infectious process. It is included in the wider group of [[peripheral neuropathy|peripheral neuropathies]]. There are several types of GBS, but unless otherwise stated, GBS refers to the most common form, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). It is frequently severe and usually exhibits as an ascending paralysis noted by weakness in the legs that spreads to the upper limbs and the face along with complete loss of deep tendon reflexes. With prompt treatment of [[plasmapheresis]] followed by [[immunoglobulins]] and supportive care, the majority of patients will regain full functional capacity. However, death may occur if severe pulmonary complications and [[dysautonomia]] are present.
[[Incidence]] vary from 0.4 to 4.0 cases per population of 100 000. In previous studies, Guillain-Barre syndrome [[Mortality rate|mortality]] rate was 2.58%. It can happen in any age group but it’s more common in late adolescence. The reason behind this is that immune suppressor mechanisms will decrease with age. It was demonstrated in one study that the incidence rate for whites were 0.44 and for blacks were 0.28 per 100,000, but it seems that despite all of these, the incidence is similar across different races. It is more common among males compared to females. Male to female ratio 1.5:1.


==Epidemiology and demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===USA===
===Incidence===
* It is the commonest cause of '''acute, flaccid''' paralysis in USA.
* [[Incidence]] vary from 0.4 to 4.0 cases per population of 100 000.<ref name="pmid9396689">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hughes RA, Rees JH |title=Clinical and epidemiologic features of Guillain-Barré syndrome |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=176 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S92–8 |date=December 1997 |pmid=9396689 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Incidence- 1.2 - 3 /100,000 persons
 
===International===
=== Case mortality rate ===
* It has been reported all over the world.
* In previous studies, Guillain-Barre syndrome [[Mortality rate|mortality]] rate was 2.58%.<ref name="pmid18443311">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alshekhlee A, Hussain Z, Sultan B, Katirji B |title=Guillain-Barré syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals |journal=Neurology |volume=70 |issue=18 |pages=1608–13 |date=April 2008 |pmid=18443311 |doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000310983.38724.d4 |url=}}</ref>
* The incidence is around 1.5 - 3/ 100,000 persons
* The antecedence of Clostridum jejuni is commoner in Japan and other Asian countries. Whereas, in American continents and European nation an antecedence of cytomegalovirus is common.


===Age===
===Age===
* Incidence increases with age.
* It can happen in any age group but it’s more common in late adolescence.  
* Bimodal distribution - First peak during 15 - 35 yrs and second during old age.
* The reason behind this is that immune suppressor mechanisms will decrease with age.<ref name="pmid9396689" />
* New-borns and infants have the least risks of development of GBS
 
===Races===
* It was demonstrated in one study that the incidence rate for whites were 0.44 and for blacks were 0.28 per 100,000, but it seems that despite all of these, the incidence is similar across different races.<ref name="pmid6681655">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hurwitz ES, Holman RC, Nelson DB, Schonberger LB |title=National surveillance for Guillain-Barré syndrome: January 1978-March 1979 |journal=Neurology |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=150–7 |date=February 1983 |pmid=6681655 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Race===
* Incidence is similar across different races.
===Gender===
===Gender===
* It occurs more commonly in males compared to females. Male to female ratio 1.5:1
* It is more common among males compared to females. Male to female ratio 1.5:1.<ref name="pmid9396689" />
* The incidence has been found to increase post partum and decreases during pregnancy


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 16:41, 27 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Overview

Incidence vary from 0.4 to 4.0 cases per population of 100 000. In previous studies, Guillain-Barre syndrome mortality rate was 2.58%. It can happen in any age group but it’s more common in late adolescence. The reason behind this is that immune suppressor mechanisms will decrease with age. It was demonstrated in one study that the incidence rate for whites were 0.44 and for blacks were 0.28 per 100,000, but it seems that despite all of these, the incidence is similar across different races. It is more common among males compared to females. Male to female ratio 1.5:1.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • Incidence vary from 0.4 to 4.0 cases per population of 100 000.[1]

Case mortality rate

  • In previous studies, Guillain-Barre syndrome mortality rate was 2.58%.[2]

Age

  • It can happen in any age group but it’s more common in late adolescence.
  • The reason behind this is that immune suppressor mechanisms will decrease with age.[1]

Races

  • It was demonstrated in one study that the incidence rate for whites were 0.44 and for blacks were 0.28 per 100,000, but it seems that despite all of these, the incidence is similar across different races.[3]

Gender

  • It is more common among males compared to females. Male to female ratio 1.5:1.[1]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hughes RA, Rees JH (December 1997). "Clinical and epidemiologic features of Guillain-Barré syndrome". J. Infect. Dis. 176 Suppl 2: S92–8. PMID 9396689.
  2. Alshekhlee A, Hussain Z, Sultan B, Katirji B (April 2008). "Guillain-Barré syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals". Neurology. 70 (18): 1608–13. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000310983.38724.d4. PMID 18443311.
  3. Hurwitz ES, Holman RC, Nelson DB, Schonberger LB (February 1983). "National surveillance for Guillain-Barré syndrome: January 1978-March 1979". Neurology. 33 (2): 150–7. PMID 6681655.

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