Guillain-Barré syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
Overview
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune, polyradiculoneuropathy affecting the peripheral nervous system, usually triggered by an acute infectious process. The exact cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome is unknown. However, it has been associated with an antecedence of minor infections (lung, sinus or diarrhea) with campylobacter jejuni. It has also been linked to flu vaccine but the incidence is rare.
Causes
- The exact cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is unknown.
- While it is not fully known what causes GBS, it is known that about two-thirds of people who get GBS do so several days or weeks after they have been sick with diarrhea or a lung or sinus illness. Usually, signs of the original infection have disappeared before the symptoms of Guillain-Barre begin.
- An infection with the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, which can cause diarrhea, is one of the most common illnesses linked to GBS.
- Except for the swine flu vaccine used in 1976, no other flu vaccines have been clearly linked to GBS. CDC and FDA are still assessing the association of Menactra Meningococcal conjugate vaccine with GBS. However, at this time there is no firm evidence to say that Menactra causes GBS.
- Although rare, people can also get GBS after having the flu or other infections such as Epstein Barr virus, AIDS, Herpes simplex, and Mononucleosis
- It may also occur with other medical conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Hodgkin's disease. A similar syndrome may occur after surgery, or when critically ill.
- Medication induced - Febuxostat, Nelarabine, Sulfasalazine, Zidovudine