Glioma classification: Difference between revisions
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* '''Low-grade''' gliomas are well-differentiated (not anaplastic); these are [[cancer|benign]] and portend a better prognosis for the patient. | * '''Low-grade''' gliomas are well-differentiated (not anaplastic); these are [[cancer|benign]] and portend a better prognosis for the patient. | ||
* '''High-grade''' gliomas are undifferentiated or [[anaplastic]]; these are [[cancer|malignant]] and carry a worse prognosis. | * '''High-grade''' gliomas are undifferentiated or [[anaplastic]]; these are [[cancer|malignant]] and carry a worse prognosis. | ||
Of numerous grading systems in use, the most common is the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) grading system for diffuse astrocytoma. The WHO system assigns a grade from 1 to 4, with 1 being the least aggressive and 4 being the most aggressive. Various types of astrocytomas are given corresponding WHO grades. | |||
:'''WHO grading system for astrocytomas''' | |||
:*WHO Grade 1 — e.g., [[pilocytic astrocytoma]] | |||
:*WHO Grade 2 — e.g., diffuse or low-grade astrocytoma | |||
:*WHO Grade 3 — e.g., [[anaplastic]] ([[cancer|malignant]]) astrocytoma | |||
:*WHO Grade 4 — [[glioblastoma multiforme]] (most common glioma in adults) | |||
===By location=== | ===By location=== |
Revision as of 18:47, 21 August 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Glioma may be classified according to the type of cell into 4 subtypes: Ependymoma, Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, and Mixed glioma. Also, it may be classified according to the grade into 2 subtypes: low-grade and high-grade. And according to the location, glioma can be classified into infratentorial glioma and supratentorial glioma.
Classification
By type of cell
Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell they most closely resemble. The main types of gliomas are:
- Ependymomas — ependymal cells
- Astrocytomas — astrocytes
- Oligodendrogliomas — oligodendrocytes
- Mixed gliomas, such as oligoastrocytomas, contain cells from different types of glia.
By grade
Gliomas are further categorized according to their grade, which is determined by pathologic evaluation of the tumor.
- Low-grade gliomas are well-differentiated (not anaplastic); these are benign and portend a better prognosis for the patient.
- High-grade gliomas are undifferentiated or anaplastic; these are malignant and carry a worse prognosis.
Of numerous grading systems in use, the most common is the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system for diffuse astrocytoma. The WHO system assigns a grade from 1 to 4, with 1 being the least aggressive and 4 being the most aggressive. Various types of astrocytomas are given corresponding WHO grades.
- WHO grading system for astrocytomas
- WHO Grade 1 — e.g., pilocytic astrocytoma
- WHO Grade 2 — e.g., diffuse or low-grade astrocytoma
- WHO Grade 3 — e.g., anaplastic (malignant) astrocytoma
- WHO Grade 4 — glioblastoma multiforme (most common glioma in adults)
By location
The gliomas can also be roughly classified according to their location:
- infratentorial : mostly in children (70%)
- supratentorial : mostly in adults (70%)