Epistaxis classification: Difference between revisions
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'''Anterior | '''Anterior [[epistaxis]]''': | ||
* Anterior epistaxis is more common, and source of this bleeding is usually [[Kiesselbach's plexus]]. | * Anterior epistaxis is more common, and source of this bleeding is usually [[Kiesselbach's plexus]].<ref name="pmid29345234">{{cite journal| author=Beck R, Sorge M, Schneider A, Dietz A| title=Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2018 | volume= 115 | issue= 1-02 | pages= 12-22 | pmid=29345234 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012 | pmc=5778404 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29345234 }} </ref> | ||
* Anterior epistaxis is easier to control with nasal compression, nasal packing and cautery. | * Anterior epistaxis is easier to control with nasal compression, nasal packing and cautery. | ||
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* Posterior [[bleeding]] is less common and harder to stop, and source of this [[bleeding]] is usually Woodruff's [[plexus]]. | * Posterior [[bleeding]] is less common and harder to stop, and source of this [[bleeding]] is usually Woodruff's [[plexus]]. | ||
* Woodruff's plexus is formed by vessels that are branches of the external carotid artery, thus, when it bleeds, it is usually much more severe than bleeding from Kiesselbach plexus' bleeding.<ref name="pmid29345234">{{cite journal| author=Beck R, Sorge M, Schneider A, Dietz A| title=Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2018 | volume= 115 | issue= 1-02 | pages= 12-22 | pmid=29345234 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012 | pmc=5778404 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29345234 }} </ref> | |||
* Bleeding from this plexus may cause [[aspiration]] and show [[bleeding]] with [[coughing]] and [[hemoptysis]]. | * Bleeding from this plexus may cause [[aspiration]] and show [[bleeding]] with [[coughing]] and [[hemoptysis]]. | ||
* | * This type of bleeding is more common in patients taking [[anticoagulants]] or [[hypertension]].<ref name="pmid28613768">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=28613768 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | ||
* | |||
===Classification according to time=== | |||
* Acute epistaxis | |||
As the name implies, it is a "de novo" bleeding. | |||
* Chronic epistaxis | |||
It is characterized by intermittent bleeding, that persists through a period of time. | |||
==Classification according to etiology== | |||
*Primary | |||
It is classified as primary if the source of the bleeding isn't known. | |||
* Secondary | |||
It is classified as secondary if the bleeding is caused by another disease process (trauma, anticoagulants, arterial malformation). | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:26, 29 October 2020
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Epistaxis classification On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Epistaxis classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amir Behzad Bagheri, M.D.
Overview
Epistaxis may be classified according to the anatomical origin of the bleeding into 2 groups: anterior and posterior. It can also be further classified into primary (if idiopathic) or secondary (if there is a known cause) and acute or chronic.
Classification
Classification according to anatomical source
Epistaxis can be classified into anterior and posterior based upon the anatomical source of bleeding[1]
Anterior epistaxis:
- Anterior epistaxis is more common, and source of this bleeding is usually Kiesselbach's plexus.[2]
- Anterior epistaxis is easier to control with nasal compression, nasal packing and cautery.
Posterior-epistaxis:
- Posterior bleeding is less common and harder to stop, and source of this bleeding is usually Woodruff's plexus.
- Woodruff's plexus is formed by vessels that are branches of the external carotid artery, thus, when it bleeds, it is usually much more severe than bleeding from Kiesselbach plexus' bleeding.[2]
- Bleeding from this plexus may cause aspiration and show bleeding with coughing and hemoptysis.
- This type of bleeding is more common in patients taking anticoagulants or hypertension.[3]
Classification according to time
- Acute epistaxis
As the name implies, it is a "de novo" bleeding.
- Chronic epistaxis
It is characterized by intermittent bleeding, that persists through a period of time.
Classification according to etiology
- Primary
It is classified as primary if the source of the bleeding isn't known.
- Secondary
It is classified as secondary if the bleeding is caused by another disease process (trauma, anticoagulants, arterial malformation).
References
- ↑ Krulewitz, Neil Alexander; Fix, Megan Leigh (2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. ISSN 0733-8627.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beck R, Sorge M, Schneider A, Dietz A (2018). "Current Approaches to Epistaxis Treatment in Primary and Secondary Care". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 115 (1–02): 12–22. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0012. PMC 5778404. PMID 29345234.
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 28613768.