Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Template:DIC}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== '''Disseminated intravascular coagulation''', is a pathological process in the body where the blood starts t...")
 
No edit summary
Line 4: Line 4:
==Overview==  
==Overview==  
'''Disseminated intravascular coagulation''', is a [[pathology|pathological]] process in the body where the [[blood]] starts to [[coagulation|coagulate]] throughout the whole body. This depletes the body of its [[platelet]]s and coagulation factors, and there is a paradoxically increased risk of [[hemorrhage]]. It occurs in critically ill patients, especially those with [[Gram-negative]] [[sepsis]] (particularly [[meningococcus|meningococcal]] sepsis) and [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]].<ref>Baglin, T., Disseminated intravascular coagulation: diagnosis and treatment, BMJ 1996; 312: 683-686.</ref> <ref>Bick, R.L., Disseminated intravascular coagulation: pathophysiological mechanisms and manifestations, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998; 24: 3-18.</ref> <ref>Penner, J.A., Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with multiple organ failure of non-septic origin, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998, 24: 45-52.</ref> <ref>Riewald, M., Riess, H., Treatment options for clinically recognized disseminated intravascular coagulation, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998; 24: 53-59.</ref>
'''Disseminated intravascular coagulation''', is a [[pathology|pathological]] process in the body where the [[blood]] starts to [[coagulation|coagulate]] throughout the whole body. This depletes the body of its [[platelet]]s and coagulation factors, and there is a paradoxically increased risk of [[hemorrhage]]. It occurs in critically ill patients, especially those with [[Gram-negative]] [[sepsis]] (particularly [[meningococcus|meningococcal]] sepsis) and [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]].<ref>Baglin, T., Disseminated intravascular coagulation: diagnosis and treatment, BMJ 1996; 312: 683-686.</ref> <ref>Bick, R.L., Disseminated intravascular coagulation: pathophysiological mechanisms and manifestations, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998; 24: 3-18.</ref> <ref>Penner, J.A., Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with multiple organ failure of non-septic origin, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998, 24: 45-52.</ref> <ref>Riewald, M., Riess, H., Treatment options for clinically recognized disseminated intravascular coagulation, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998; 24: 53-59.</ref>
DIC is a complex and highly variable disorder, whose manifestations depend upon the inciting event, the host response and underlying comorbid disease. Additionally, the morbidity and mortality in patients with DIC often depends more on the underlying disease and he specific pathophysiology. As such, well-designed studies are obviously difficult to design, and there is therefore little consensus regarding management. The term DIC has evolved from the terms ‘consumptive coagulopathy’ and later, ‘defibrination syndrome’. Although most physicians are aware of the hemorrhage that is seen in patients with DIC, the ‘coagulation’ in DIC actually refers to both hemorrhage and thrombosis. In actuality, the thrombosis, both micro and macro-vascular, with resulting ischemia, contributes more to morbidity and mortality than the hemorrhage.
Bick defines DIC as ‘a systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder seen in association with well-defined clinical situations AND laboratory evidence for procoagulant activation, fibrinolytic activation, inhibitor consumption, and evidence of end-organ damage’.
==References==
==References==



Revision as of 16:24, 28 August 2012

Disseminated intravascular coagulation Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Disseminated intravascular coagulation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

Echocardiograph and Ultrasound

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview On the Web

Most recent articles

cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview

CDC on Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview

Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview in the news

Blogs on Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Disseminated intravascular coagulation overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Disseminated intravascular coagulation, is a pathological process in the body where the blood starts to coagulate throughout the whole body. This depletes the body of its platelets and coagulation factors, and there is a paradoxically increased risk of hemorrhage. It occurs in critically ill patients, especially those with Gram-negative sepsis (particularly meningococcal sepsis) and acute promyelocytic leukemia.[1] [2] [3] [4]

DIC is a complex and highly variable disorder, whose manifestations depend upon the inciting event, the host response and underlying comorbid disease. Additionally, the morbidity and mortality in patients with DIC often depends more on the underlying disease and he specific pathophysiology. As such, well-designed studies are obviously difficult to design, and there is therefore little consensus regarding management. The term DIC has evolved from the terms ‘consumptive coagulopathy’ and later, ‘defibrination syndrome’. Although most physicians are aware of the hemorrhage that is seen in patients with DIC, the ‘coagulation’ in DIC actually refers to both hemorrhage and thrombosis. In actuality, the thrombosis, both micro and macro-vascular, with resulting ischemia, contributes more to morbidity and mortality than the hemorrhage.

Bick defines DIC as ‘a systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder seen in association with well-defined clinical situations AND laboratory evidence for procoagulant activation, fibrinolytic activation, inhibitor consumption, and evidence of end-organ damage’.

References

  1. Baglin, T., Disseminated intravascular coagulation: diagnosis and treatment, BMJ 1996; 312: 683-686.
  2. Bick, R.L., Disseminated intravascular coagulation: pathophysiological mechanisms and manifestations, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998; 24: 3-18.
  3. Penner, J.A., Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with multiple organ failure of non-septic origin, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998, 24: 45-52.
  4. Riewald, M., Riess, H., Treatment options for clinically recognized disseminated intravascular coagulation, Sem Thromb Hemostasis 1998; 24: 53-59.

Template:WH Template:WS