Differentiating Thyroid adenoma from other Diseases
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
Differentiating Thyroid adenoma from other Diseases
A thyroid adenoma is distinguished from a multinodular goiter of the thyroid in that an adenoma is typically solitary, and is a neoplasm resulting from a genetic mutation (or other genetic abnormality) in a single precursor cell.[1] In contrast, a multinodular goiter is usually thought to result from a hyperplastic response of the entire thyroid gland to a stimulus, such as iodine deficiency. Careful pathological examination may be necessary to distinguish a thyroid adenoma from a minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma. The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate thyroid adenoma from other conditions that cause neck swelling.{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center |valign=top| |+ ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | Disease ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | Findings |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" |Multinodular goiter | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Not solitary |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |Grave's disease | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diffuse overactive thyroid |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |Hashimoto's disease | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Autoimmune destruction of the gland. |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |Medullary cell carcinoma. | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | An autosomal dominant tumor disorder of central nervous system due to germline mutations in neurofibromin manifesting as scoliosis (curvature of the spine), learning disabilities, vision disorders, cutaneous lesions and epilepsy. |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |Thyroid lymphoma | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | An autosomal dominant rare disorder due to germline mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene characterized by early onset of diverse amount of cancers such as sarcoma, cancers of the breast, brain and adrenal glands. |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |De Quervain's thyroiditis | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Familial colorectal polyposis is an autosomal dominant form of polyposis characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the colon together with tumors outside the colon . |- | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |Acute suppurative thyroiditis | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. |}
References
- ↑ Ramzi Cotran, Vinay Kumar, Tucker Collins (1999). Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th Edition. W.B. Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-7335-X.