Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other diseases
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases
History and symptoms | Physical examination | Investigations | |||||||||||||||
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Polyuria | Polydipsia | Polyphagia | Weight loss | Weight gain | Positive medical history | General appearance | Skin manifestations | Serum glucose | Urinary Glucose | Urine Ph | Serum Sodium | Urinary Glucose | 24 hrs cortisol level | C-peptide level | Auto antibodies | Serum glucagon | |
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | Usually patients are young and lean | ↑ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | N | ↓ |
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Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | Usually patients are middle age or elderly and obese | Acanthosis nigricans | ↑ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | N | N | ||
MODY | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ↑ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | N | N | |||||
Psychogenic polydipsia | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | N | N | N | ↓ | N | N | N | ||||
Diabetes insipidus | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | N | N | ↑ | N | N | N | |||||
Transient hyperglycemia | N | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ↑ | ↑ | N | ↑ | N | N | |||||
Steroid therapy | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✔ | Acanthosis nigricans | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | N | |||||
RTA 1 | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | N | ↓ | ↑ | N | N | ||||||
Glucagonoma | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | |||||||||
Cushing | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | Moon face,
Obese and buffalo hump |
Acanthosis nigricans | ↑ | N | N/↑ | ↑ | N | ||||
Hypothyroidism | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | N | N | N | N | N | ||||||