Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other diseases: Difference between revisions

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! rowspan="2" |Additional findings
! rowspan="2" |Additional findings
|-
|-
!Polyuria
![[Polyuria]]
!Polydipsia
![[Polydipsia]]
!Polyphagia
![[Polyphagia]]
!Weight loss
![[Weight loss]]
!Weight gain
![[Weight gain]]
!Serum glucose
!Serum glucose
!Urinary Glucose
!Urinary Glucose
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|✔
|✔
|✔
|✔
|
| -
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
|''''''↑''''''
|'''''↑'''''
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|
|N/'''↑'''
|Normal
|Normal
|'''↓'''
|'''↓'''
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|✔
|✔
|✔
|✔
|
| -
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
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|[[Acanthosis nigricans]]
|[[Acanthosis nigricans]]
|-
|-
|MODY
|[[MODY]]
|✔
|✔
|✔
|✔
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|Normal
|Normal
|N
|N
|―
| -
|-
|-
|Psychogenic polydipsia
|[[Psychogenic polydipsia]]
|✔
|✔
|✔
|✔
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|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|―
| -
|-
|-
|Diabetes insipidus
|[[Diabetes insipidus]]
|✔
|✔
|✔
|✔
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|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|―
| -
|-
|-
|Transient hyperglycemia
|Transient [[hyperglycemia]]
| -
| -
| -
| -
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|In hospitalized patients especially in [[ICU]] and [[CCU]]
|In hospitalized patients especially in [[ICU]] and [[CCU]]
|-
|-
|Steroid therapy
|[[Steroid]] therapy
|✔
|✔
| -
| -
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|N/'''↑'''
|N/'''↑'''
|N/'''↑'''
|N/'''↑'''
|Acanthosis nigricans,  
|[[Acanthosis nigricans|Acanthosis nigricans,]]
|-
|-
|RTA 1
|[[RTA|RTA 1]]
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✔
|✔
|✖
| -
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|'''↓'''
|'''↑'''
|Normal
|Normal
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
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|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|―
|[[Hypokalemia]], [[nephrolithiasis]]
|-
|-
|Glucagonoma
|[[Glucagonoma]]
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|
| -
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
|Necrolytic migratory erythema
|[[Necrolytic migratory erythema]]
|-
|-
|Cushing syndrome  
|[[Cushing's syndrome|Cushing syndrome]]
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✖
| -
|✔
|✔
|'''↑'''
|'''↑'''
|―
| -
|Normal
|Normal
|'''↓'''
|'''↓'''
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|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Patients can present with moon face,
|[[Moon face]], [[obesity]], [[buffalo hump]], easy [[Bruising|bruisibility]]
obesity and buffalo hump
|-
|Hypothyroidism
|✖
|✖
|✖
|✖
|✔
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Normal
|Antibodies assocaited with hypothyroidism are:
* Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody
* Thyroglobulin Antibody
* Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody
|}
|}


Revision as of 17:00, 7 March 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Type 1 DM must be differentiated from type 2 DM, MODY-DM, psychogenic polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, transient hyperglycemia, steroid therapy, renal tubular acidosis type-1, glucagonoma, cushing's syndrome, and hypothyroidism.

Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases

Differential diagnosis of type 1 DM, include: [1][2][3]

Disease History and symptoms Laboratory findings Additional findings
Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Weight loss Weight gain Serum glucose Urinary Glucose Urine PH Serum Sodium Urinary Glucose 24 hrs cortisol level C-peptide level Serum glucagon
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - ↑ ↑ Normal Normal N/↑ Normal ↓ Normal Auto antibodies present (Anti GAD-65 and anti insulin anti bodies)
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ - ↑ ↑ Normal Normal ↑ Normal Normal ↑ Acanthosis nigricans
MODY ✔ ✔ ✔ - ✔ ↑ ↑ Normal Normal ↑ Normal Normal N -
Psychogenic polydipsia ✔ ✔ - - - Normal Normal Normal ↓ Normal Normal Normal Normal -
Diabetes insipidus ✔ ✔ ✖ ✖ ✖ Normal Normal Normal ↑ Normal Normal Normal Normal -
Transient hyperglycemia - - - - - ↑ ↑ Normal Normal ↑ Normal Normal N/↑ In hospitalized patients especially in ICU and CCU
Steroid therapy ✔ - - - ✔ ↑ ↑ Normal Normal ↑ ↑ N/↑ N/↑ Acanthosis nigricans,
RTA 1 - - - ✔ - Normal Normal ↑ Normal ↑ Normal Normal Normal Hypokalemia, nephrolithiasis
Glucagonoma - - - - - ↑ Normal Normal Normal - Normal Normal ↑ Necrolytic migratory erythema
Cushing syndrome - - - - ✔ ↑ - Normal ↓ N/↑ ↑ Normal Normal Moon face, obesity, buffalo hump, easy bruisibility

References

  1. ↑ Barrett TG (2007). "Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered?". Pediatr Diabetes. 8 Suppl 6: 15–23. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x. PMID 17727381.
  2. ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
  3. ↑ "namrata".

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