Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other diseases: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Type 1 DM must be differentiated from type 2 DM, MODY-DM, psychogenic polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, transient hyperglycemia, steroid therapy, renal tubular acidosis type-1, glucagonoma, cushing's syndrome, and hypothyroidism. | [[Type 1 DM]] must be differentiated from [[type 2 DM]], MODY-DM, [[psychogenic polydipsia]], [[diabetes insipidus]], transient hyperglycemia, steroid therapy, [[Renal tubular acidosis|renal tubular acidosis type-1]], [[glucagonoma]], [[cushing's syndrome]], and [[hypothyroidism]]. | ||
== Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases== | == Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases== | ||
Differential diagnosis of type 1 DM, include: <ref name="pmid17727381">{{cite journal| author=Barrett TG| title=Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered? | journal=Pediatr Diabetes | year= 2007 | volume= 8 Suppl 6 | issue= | pages= 15-23 | pmid=17727381 | doi=10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17727381 }}</ref> | Differential diagnosis of type 1 DM, include: <ref name="pmid17727381">{{cite journal| author=Barrett TG| title=Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered? | journal=Pediatr Diabetes | year= 2007 | volume= 8 Suppl 6 | issue= | pages= 15-23 | pmid=17727381 | doi=10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17727381 }}</ref> | ||
* Type 2 DM | * [[Type 2 diabetes mellitus|Type 2 DM]] | ||
* MODY-DM | * [[Maturity onset diabetes of the young|MODY-DM]] | ||
* Psychogenic polydipsia | * [[Psychogenic polydipsia]] | ||
* Diabetes insipidus | * [[Diabetes insipidus]] | ||
* Transient hyperglycemia | * Transient hyperglycemia | ||
* Steroid therapy | * Steroid therapy | ||
* Renal tubular acidosis type-1 | * [[Renal tubular acidosis|Renal tubular acidosis type-1]] | ||
* Glucagonoma | * [[Glucagonoma]] | ||
* Cushing's syndrome | * [[Cushing's syndrome]] | ||
* Hypothyroidism | * [[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
* Wolfram syndrome | * [[Wolfram syndrome]] | ||
* Alstrom syndrome | * [[Alstrom syndrome]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Type 1 DM must be differentiated from type 2 DM, MODY-DM, psychogenic polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, transient hyperglycemia, steroid therapy, renal tubular acidosis type-1, glucagonoma, cushing's syndrome, and hypothyroidism.
Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases
Differential diagnosis of type 1 DM, include: [1]
- Type 2 DM
- MODY-DM
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Diabetes insipidus
- Transient hyperglycemia
- Steroid therapy
- Renal tubular acidosis type-1
- Glucagonoma
- Cushing's syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Wolfram syndrome
- Alstrom syndrome
| History and symptoms | Physical examination | Investigations | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyuria | Polydipsia | Polyphagia | Weight loss | Weight gain | Positive medical history | General appearance | Skin manifestations | Serum glucose | Urinary Glucose | Urine Ph | Serum Sodium | Urinary Glucose | 24 hrs cortisol level | C-peptide level | Auto antibodies | Serum glucagon | |
| Type 1 Diabetes mellitus | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | Usually patients are young and lean | ↑ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | N | ↓ |
|
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| Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | Usually patients are middle age or elderly and obese | Acanthosis nigricans | ↑ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | N | N | ||
| MODY | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ↑ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | N | N | |||||
| Psychogenic polydipsia | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | N | N | N | ↓ | N | N | N | ||||
| Diabetes insipidus | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | N | N | ↑ | N | N | N | |||||
| Transient hyperglycemia | N | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ↑ | ↑ | N | ↑ | N | N | |||||
| Steroid therapy | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✔ | Acanthosis nigricans | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | N | |||||
| RTA 1 | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | N | ↓ | ↑ | N | N | ||||||
| Glucagonoma | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ↑ | N | N | ↑ | |||||||||
| Cushing | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | Moon face,
Obese and buffalo hump |
Acanthosis nigricans | ↑ | N | N/↑ | ↑ | N | ||||
| Hypothyroidism | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ | N | N | N | N | N | ||||||
References
- ↑ Barrett TG (2007). "Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered?". Pediatr Diabetes. 8 Suppl 6: 15–23. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x. PMID 17727381.