Croup historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{Croup}} | {{Croup}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}} [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]] [mailto:urastogi@perfuse.org] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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The word ''croup'' comes from the early modern english verb ''croup'', meaning "to cry hoarsely"; the name was first applied to the disease in Scotland and popularized in the 18th century.<ref>Online Etymological Dictionary, [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=croup croup]. Accessed 2010-09-13.</ref> Diphtheritic croup has been known since the time of Homer's Ancient Greece and it was not until 1826 that viral croup was differentiated from croup due to [[diphtheria]] by Bretonneau.<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Viral croup was then called "faux-croup" by the French, as "croup" then referred to a disease caused by the diphtheria bacteria. Croup due to diphtheria has become nearly unknown due to the advent of effective [[immunization]]. | The word ''croup'' comes from the early modern english verb ''croup'', meaning "to cry hoarsely"; the name was first applied to the disease in Scotland and popularized in the 18th century.<ref>Online Etymological Dictionary, [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=croup croup]. Accessed 2010-09-13.</ref> Diphtheritic croup has been known since the time of Homer's Ancient Greece and it was not until 1826 that viral croup was differentiated from croup due to [[diphtheria]] by Bretonneau.<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Viral croup was then called "faux-croup" by the French, as "croup" then referred to a disease caused by the diphtheria bacteria. Croup due to diphtheria has become nearly unknown due to the advent of effective [[immunization]]. | ||
==Discovery== | |||
*The first reported cases of [[diptheria|diptheritic]] Croup date back to Ancient Greece, speculated to the 12th century B.C.E.<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*[[virus|Viral]] Croup was discovered and differentiated from diptheritic Croup in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau<ref name=history>{{cite book |author=Feigin, Ralph D. |title=Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |year=2004 |page=252 |isbn=0-7216-9329-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | |||
*Initial therapies in the 1960s included: | |||
**Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.<refname = HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Tracheotomy]] if the patient is hospitalized.<refname = HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Nebulized [[Epinephrine]] was introduced as a Croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.<refname = HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Glucocorticoid|Glucocorticoids]] emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.<refname = GlucoHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kairys SW, Olmstead EM, O'Connor GT |title=Steroid treatment of laryngotracheitis: a meta-analysis of the evidence from randomized trials |journal=Pediatrics |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=683–93 |year=1989 |pmid=2654865 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Budesonide]], a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.<refname = BudeHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC |title=Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=331 |issue=5 |pages=285–9 |year=1994 |pmid=8022437 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199408043310501 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:39, 20 January 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S. Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [2]
Overview
The word croup comes from the early modern english verb croup, meaning "to cry hoarsely"; the name was first applied to the disease in Scotland and popularized in the 18th century.[1] Diphtheritic croup has been known since the time of Homer's Ancient Greece and it was not until 1826 that viral croup was differentiated from croup due to diphtheria by Bretonneau.[2] Viral croup was then called "faux-croup" by the French, as "croup" then referred to a disease caused by the diphtheria bacteria. Croup due to diphtheria has become nearly unknown due to the advent of effective immunization.
Discovery
- The first reported cases of diptheritic Croup date back to Ancient Greece, speculated to the 12th century B.C.E.[2]
- Viral Croup was discovered and differentiated from diptheritic Croup in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau[2]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- Initial therapies in the 1960s included:
- Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.<refname = HistReview>Marchessault V (2001). "Historical review of croup". Paediatr Child Health. 6 (10): 721–3. PMC 2805983. PMID 20084146.</ref>
- Tracheotomy if the patient is hospitalized.<refname = HistReview>Marchessault V (2001). "Historical review of croup". Paediatr Child Health. 6 (10): 721–3. PMC 2805983. PMID 20084146.</ref>
- Nebulized Epinephrine was introduced as a Croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.<refname = HistReview>Marchessault V (2001). "Historical review of croup". Paediatr Child Health. 6 (10): 721–3. PMC 2805983. PMID 20084146.</ref>
- Glucocorticoids emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.<refname = GlucoHist>Kairys SW, Olmstead EM, O'Connor GT (1989). "Steroid treatment of laryngotracheitis: a meta-analysis of the evidence from randomized trials". Pediatrics. 83 (5): 683–93. PMID 2654865.</ref>
- Budesonide, a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.<refname = BudeHist>Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC (1994). "Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup". N. Engl. J. Med. 331 (5): 285–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199408043310501. PMID 8022437.</ref>
References