Contrast induced nephropathy natural history, complications and prognosis

Contrast Induced Nephropathy Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

The reported incidence varies widely according to the presence or absence of risk factors, and usually associated with a significantly higher risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality, even in patients who do not need dialysis.

Natural history, Complications and Prognosis

There is a complicated relationship between CIN, comorbidity, and mortality. Most patients who develop CIN do not die from renal failure rather than from either a preexisting nonrenal complication, or a procedural complication.

Nonrenal complications include procedural cardiac complications (eg, Q-wave MI, coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], hypotension, shock), vascular complications (eg, femoral bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, stroke), and systemic complications (eg, acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], pulmonary embolism).