Constipation epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of constipation is approximately 16,666 per 100,000 individuals in general population (one in every six).[1]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of constipation is approximately 2,000 to 28,000 per 100,000 individuals in general population.[2][3]
- It is estimated that 4-56 million people are suffering from constipation in United States.
- The prevalence of constipation is approximately 1,900 to 27,200 (with an average of 14,800) per 100,000 individuals in North America.[4]
| Year | Sample size | Diagnosis | Prevalence
(per 100,000 individuals) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | 890,394 | Self-report | 27,100 |
| 1971-1975 | 15,014 | Self-report | 12,800 |
| 1971-1975 | 11,024 | Self-report | 15,800 |
| 1983-1987 | Not reported | Self-report | 1,900 |
| 1989 | 42,375 | Self-report | 3,400 |
| 1991 | 835 | Self-report
OR < 3 defection per week |
17,400 |
| 1993 | 690 | Self-report | 5,000 |
| ROME I functional constipation (FC) | 19,200 | ||
| ROME I outlet obstruction (OD) | 11,000 | ||
| 1993 | 5,430 | ROME I functional constipation (FC) | 3,600 |
| ROME I Dyschezia | 13,800 | ||
| 1997 | 10,018 | ROME II, FC, OD, or IBS-C (irritable bowel syndrome, constipation type) | 14,700 |
| 2000 | 1,149 | Self-report | 27,200 |
| ROME I | 16,700 | ||
| ROME II | 14,900 |
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The case-fatality rate of constipation is very low.
- Very long-term constipation can cause death in elderly.
- Persistent and transient constipation can increase the mortality rate up to 2.8% and 2%, respectively, rather than people without constipation.[5]
- The general decline in 10-year survival rate of people with functional constipation is about 12%, comparing to normal population.[6]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop constipation.
- The incidence of constipation increases with age.[7]
| Type of diagnosis | Age group | Prevalence
(per 100,000 individuals) |
|---|---|---|
| Self-report | 30-34 | 21,200 |
| 35-39 | 21,000 | |
| 40-44 | 21,600 | |
| 45-49 | 23,400 | |
| 50-54 | 26,200 | |
| 55-59 | 27,700 | |
| 60-64 | 29,700 | |
| 65-69 | 32,800 | |
| 70-74 | 37,300 | |
| 75-79 | 42,600 | |
| 80-84 | 48,600 | |
| ≥85 | 54,600 |
Race
- Constipation usually affects individuals of the non-Caucasian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop constipation.
- The non-White to White ratio of involving in constipation is from 1.13 to 2.89 (Mean 1.68, Median 1.41).[4][8]
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected by constipation than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2.2 to 1.[4]
- Female to male ratio suffering from constipation in various studies is as the following:
Region
- There is no regional difference in the prevalence of constipation.
Developed and Developing Countries
- Developing countries with lower income show higher prevalence of constipation rather than developed countries with higher income.
- Educational years in the population show an inverse relationship with prevalence of constipation.
| Author | Criteria | Income | Education | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD per year | Prevalence
(per 100,000 individuals) |
Status | Prevalence
(per 100,000 individuals) | ||
| Sandler[9] | Self-report | ||||
| Johnson[10] | Self-report | ||||
| Pare[11] | Self-report | ||||
| Talley[12] | ROME I functional constipation (FC) | - | - | Less than high school graduated | 23,300 |
| High school graduated | 18,400 | ||||
| More than high school graduated | 18,000 | ||||
| ROME I outlet obstruction (OD) | - | - | Less than high school graduated | 16,300 | |
| High school graduated | 8,700 | ||||
| More than high school graduated | 12,000 | ||||
References
- ↑ Choung RS, Locke GR, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ (2007). "Cumulative incidence of chronic constipation: a population-based study 1988-2003". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 26 (11–12): 1521–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03540.x. PMID 17919271.
- ↑ Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A, Koch TR (1989). "Clinical epidemiology of chronic constipation". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 11 (5): 525–36. PMID 2551954.
- ↑ Stewart WF, Liberman JN, Sandler RS, Woods MS, Stemhagen A, Chee E, Lipton RB, Farup CE (1999). "Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94 (12): 3530–40. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01642.x. PMID 10606315.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Higgins PD, Johanson JF (2004). "Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (4): 750–9. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04114.x. PMID 15089911.
- ↑ Koloski NA, Jones M, Wai R, Gill RS, Byles J, Talley NJ (2013). "Impact of persistent constipation on health-related quality of life and mortality in older community-dwelling women". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 108 (7): 1152–8. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.137. PMID 23670115.
- ↑ Chang JY, Locke GR, McNally MA, Halder SL, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ (2010). "Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on survival in the community". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105 (4): 822–32. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.40. PMC 2887253. PMID 20160713.
- ↑ HAMMOND EC (1964). "SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON PHYSICAL COMPLAINTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1,064,004 MEN AND WOMEN". Am J Public Health Nations Health. 54: 11–23. PMC 1254627. PMID 14117648.
- ↑ Everhart JE, Go VL, Johannes RS, Fitzsimmons SC, Roth HP, White LR (1989). "A longitudinal survey of self-reported bowel habits in the United States". Dig. Dis. Sci. 34 (8): 1153–62. PMID 2787735.
- ↑ Sandler RS, Jordan MC, Shelton BJ (1990). "Demographic and dietary determinants of constipation in the US population". Am J Public Health. 80 (2): 185–9. PMC 1404600. PMID 2297063.
- ↑ Johanson JF (1998). "Geographic distribution of constipation in the United States". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 93 (2): 188–91. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00188.x. PMID 9468239.
- ↑ Pare P, Ferrazzi S, Thompson WG, Irvine EJ, Rance L (2001). "An epidemiological survey of constipation in canada: definitions, rates, demographics, and predictors of health care seeking". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96 (11): 3130–7. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05259.x. PMID 11721760.
- ↑ Talley NJ, Weaver AL, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ (1993). "Functional constipation and outlet delay: a population-based study". Gastroenterology. 105 (3): 781–90. PMID 8359649.