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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*The prevalence of constipation is approximately 1,900 to 27,200 per 100,000 individuals in North America and.
 
*
=== Prevalence ===
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of constipation is approximately 2,000 to 28,000 per 100,000 individuals in general population.<ref name="pmid2551954">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A, Koch TR |title=Clinical epidemiology of chronic constipation |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=525–36 |year=1989 |pmid=2551954 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Prevalence===
*<ref name="pmid10606315">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart WF, Liberman JN, Sandler RS, Woods MS, Stemhagen A, Chee E, Lipton RB, Farup CE |title=Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=94 |issue=12 |pages=3530–40 |year=1999 |pmid=10606315 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01642.x |url=}}</ref>
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*It is estimated that 4-56 million people are suffering from constipation in United States.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of constipation is approximately 1,900 to 27,200 (with an average of 14,800) per 100,000 individuals in North America.<ref name="pmid15089911">{{cite journal |vauthors=Higgins PD, Johanson JF |title=Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=750–9 |year=2004 |pmid=15089911 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04114.x |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Sample size
!Diagnosis
!Prevalence
(per 100,000 individuals)
|-
|1964
|890,394
|Self-report
|27,100
|-
|1971-1975
|15,014
|Self-report
|12,800
|-
|1971-1975
|11,024
|Self-report
|15,800
|-
|1983-1987
|Not reported
|Self-report
|1,900
|-
|1989
|42,375
|Self-report
|3,400
|-
|1991
|835
|Self-report
OR
 
< 3 defection per week
|17,400
|-
| rowspan="3" |1993
| rowspan="3" |690
|Self-report
|5,000
|-
|ROME I functional constipation (FC)
|19,200
|-
|ROME I outlet obstruction (OD)
|11,000
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
| rowspan="2" |5,430
|ROME I functional constipation (FC)
|3,600
|-
|ROME I Dyschezia
|13,800
|-
|1997
|10,018
|ROME II, FC, OD, or IBS-C (irritable bowel syndrome, constipation type)
|14,700
|-
| rowspan="3" |2000
| rowspan="3" |1,149
|Self-report
|27,200
|-
|ROME I
|16,700
|-
|ROME II
|14,900
|}
 
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*The case-fatality rate of constipation is very low.
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
*Very long-term constipation can cause death in elderly.
*Persistent and transient constipation can increase the mortality rate up to 2.8% and 2%, respectively, rather than people without constipation.<ref name="pmid23670115">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koloski NA, Jones M, Wai R, Gill RS, Byles J, Talley NJ |title=Impact of persistent constipation on health-related quality of life and mortality in older community-dwelling women |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=108 |issue=7 |pages=1152–8 |year=2013 |pmid=23670115 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2013.137 |url=}}</ref>
*The general decline in 10-year survival rate of people with functional constipation is about 12%, comparing to normal population.<ref name="pmid20160713">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang JY, Locke GR, McNally MA, Halder SL, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ |title=Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on survival in the community |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=822–32 |year=2010 |pmid=20160713 |pmc=2887253 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2010.40 |url=}}</ref>
===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*Patients of all age groups may develop constipation.
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*The incidence of constipation increases with age.<ref name="pmid14117648">{{cite journal| author=HAMMOND EC| title=SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON PHYSICAL COMPLAINTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1,064,004 MEN AND WOMEN. | journal=Am J Public Health Nations Health | year= 1964 | volume= 54 | issue=  | pages= 11-23 | pmid=14117648 | doi= | pmc=1254627 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14117648  }}</ref>
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
{| class="wikitable"
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
!Type of diagnosis
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
!Age group
!Prevalence
(per 100,000 individuals)
|-
| rowspan="12" |Self-report
|30-34
|21,200
|-
|35-39
|21,000
|-
|40-44
|21,600
|-
|45-49
|23,400
|-
|50-54
|26,200
|-
|55-59
|27,700
|-
|60-64
|29,700
|-
|65-69
|32,800
|-
|70-74
|37,300
|-
|75-79
|42,600
|-
|80-84
|48,600
|-
|≥85
|54,600
|}
 
===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*Constipation usually affects individuals of the non-Caucasian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop constipation.
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
*The non-White to White ratio of involving in constipation is from 1.13 to 2.89 (Mean 1.68, Median 1.41).<ref name="pmid15089911" />
*
===Gender===
===Gender===
*Females are more commonly affected by constipation than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2.2 to 1.
*Females are more commonly affected by constipation than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2.2 to 1.<ref name="pmid15089911" />
===Region===
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].

Revision as of 19:54, 11 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of constipation is approximately 2,000 to 28,000 per 100,000 individuals in general population.[1]
  • [2]
  • It is estimated that 4-56 million people are suffering from constipation in United States.
  • The prevalence of constipation is approximately 1,900 to 27,200 (with an average of 14,800) per 100,000 individuals in North America.[3]
Year Sample size Diagnosis Prevalence

(per 100,000 individuals)

1964 890,394 Self-report 27,100
1971-1975 15,014 Self-report 12,800
1971-1975 11,024 Self-report 15,800
1983-1987 Not reported Self-report 1,900
1989 42,375 Self-report 3,400
1991 835 Self-report

OR

< 3 defection per week

17,400
1993 690 Self-report 5,000
ROME I functional constipation (FC) 19,200
ROME I outlet obstruction (OD) 11,000
1993 5,430 ROME I functional constipation (FC) 3,600
ROME I Dyschezia 13,800
1997 10,018 ROME II, FC, OD, or IBS-C (irritable bowel syndrome, constipation type) 14,700
2000 1,149 Self-report 27,200
ROME I 16,700
ROME II 14,900

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • The case-fatality rate of constipation is very low.
  • Very long-term constipation can cause death in elderly.
  • Persistent and transient constipation can increase the mortality rate up to 2.8% and 2%, respectively, rather than people without constipation.[4]
  • The general decline in 10-year survival rate of people with functional constipation is about 12%, comparing to normal population.[5]

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop constipation.
  • The incidence of constipation increases with age.[6]
Type of diagnosis Age group Prevalence

(per 100,000 individuals)

Self-report 30-34 21,200
35-39 21,000
40-44 21,600
45-49 23,400
50-54 26,200
55-59 27,700
60-64 29,700
65-69 32,800
70-74 37,300
75-79 42,600
80-84 48,600
≥85 54,600

Race

  • Constipation usually affects individuals of the non-Caucasian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop constipation.
  • The non-White to White ratio of involving in constipation is from 1.13 to 2.89 (Mean 1.68, Median 1.41).[3]

Gender

  • Females are more commonly affected by constipation than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2.2 to 1.[3]

Region

  • The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
  • [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

  • Depending on the definition employed, constipation occurs in 2% of the population; it is more common in women, the elderly and children [7]
  • Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in the United States. More than 4 million Americans have frequent constipation, accounting for 2.5 million physician visits a year.

References

  1. ↑ Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A, Koch TR (1989). "Clinical epidemiology of chronic constipation". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 11 (5): 525–36. PMID 2551954.
  2. ↑ Stewart WF, Liberman JN, Sandler RS, Woods MS, Stemhagen A, Chee E, Lipton RB, Farup CE (1999). "Epidemiology of constipation (EPOC) study in the United States: relation of clinical subtypes to sociodemographic features". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94 (12): 3530–40. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01642.x. PMID 10606315.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Higgins PD, Johanson JF (2004). "Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 99 (4): 750–9. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04114.x. PMID 15089911.
  4. ↑ Koloski NA, Jones M, Wai R, Gill RS, Byles J, Talley NJ (2013). "Impact of persistent constipation on health-related quality of life and mortality in older community-dwelling women". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 108 (7): 1152–8. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.137. PMID 23670115.
  5. ↑ Chang JY, Locke GR, McNally MA, Halder SL, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ (2010). "Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on survival in the community". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105 (4): 822–32. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.40. PMC 2887253. PMID 20160713.
  6. ↑ HAMMOND EC (1964). "SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON PHYSICAL COMPLAINTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 1,064,004 MEN AND WOMEN". Am J Public Health Nations Health. 54: 11–23. PMC 1254627. PMID 14117648.
  7. ↑ Sonnenberg A, Koch TR (1989). "Epidemiology of constipation in the United States". Dis. Colon Rectum. 32 (1): 1–8. PMID 2910654.


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