Chronic hypertension
Classification
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Hypertension Main page |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.D.; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri
Synonyms and keywords: High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis
Overview
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Blood Pressure Measurement | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Renal Arteriography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Lifestyle Modification | Medical Therapy
Landmark Trials
Special Populations
Pregnancy | Diabetes | Cyclosporin
Case Studies
- ↑ ACCORD Study Group. Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC, Grimm RH; et al. (2010). "Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus". N Engl J Med. 362 (17): 1575–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001286. PMID 20228401. Review in: Evid Based Med. 2010 Oct;15(5):142-3 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 20;153(2):JC1-4, JC1-5
- ↑ Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P (2002). "Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes". Kidney Int. 61 (3): 1086–97. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x. PMID 11849464.
- ↑ NAVIGATOR Study Group. McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, Bethel MA, Holzhauer B; et al. (2010). "Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events". N Engl J Med. 362 (16): 1477–90. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001121. PMID 20228403. Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Aug;16(4):122-3 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):JC6-9
- ↑ Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB; et al. (2001). "Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes". N Engl J Med. 345 (12): 851–60. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa011303. PMID 11565517. Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 May-Jun;136(3):82-4
- ↑ Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S; et al. (2006). "Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial". J Hypertens. 24 (6): 1201–8. doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86. PMID 16685221.
- ↑ Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S, Hansson L; et al. (2004). "Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial". Lancet. 363 (9426): 2022–31. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16451-9. PMID 15207952.
- ↑ ONTARGET Investigators. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I; et al. (2008). "Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events". N Engl J Med. 358 (15): 1547–59. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801317. PMID 18378520. Review in: J Fam Pract. 2009 Jan;58(1):24-7 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2008 Oct;13(5):147
- ↑ Cooper-DeHoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM, Bavry AA, Denardo SJ, Bakris GL; et al. (2010). "Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensive patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease". JAMA. 304 (1): 61–8. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.884. PMC 3008411. PMID 20606150. Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Feb;16(1):24-6