Chronic hypertension: Difference between revisions

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==[[Hypertension classification|Classification]]==__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
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| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Chronic hypertension resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
| [[Chronic hypertension resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
|}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''


{{Template:Hypertension}}
{{Chronic hypertension}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.D.; {{RT}} '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' Taylor Palmieri
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User:YazanDaaboul|Yazan Daaboul]], [[User:Sergekorjian|Serge Korjian]]


{{SK}}  High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis
{{SK}}  High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis; primary hypertension, idiopathic hypertension
==[[Hypertension overview|Overview]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension overview|Overview]]==


==[[Hypertension definition|Definition]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension classification|Classification]]==
Arterial blood pressure (BP) is a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the arterial walls. It is the function of both the cardiac output (CO) and the systemic vascular resistance (SVR). The maintenance of a normal blood pressure value is crucial to ensure appropriate blood circulation throughout the cardiovascular system. Arterial BP is considered one of the most important vital signs in the clinical setting.


Hypertension (HTN) is generally defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg at each of two or more visits.<ref name="pmid16512265">{{cite journal| author=Cuddy ML| title=Treatment of hypertension: guidelines from JNC 7 (the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 1). | journal=J Pract Nurs | year= 2005 | volume= 55 | issue= 4 | pages= 17-21; quiz 22-3 | pmid=16512265 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16512265 }} </ref> However, target BP values are set at a lower threshold in specific populations, such as diabetics and subjects with significant proteinuria and other renal diseases.
==[[Chronic hypertension pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Hypertension classification|Classification]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension causes|Causes]]==


==[[Hypertension pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders]]==


==[[Hypertension causes|Causes]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Hypertension differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==[[Hypertension epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension screening|Screening]]==


==[[Hypertension risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Chronic hypertension natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==[[Hypertension screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Hypertension natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


== Diagnosis ==
== Diagnosis ==
[[Hypertension history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hypertension blood pressure|Blood Pressure Measurement]] | [[Hypertension physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hypertension laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hypertension electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hypertension chest x ray|Chest X ray]] | [[Hypertension CT|CT]] | [[Hypertension MRI|MRI]] | [[Hypertension echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Renovascular hypertension arteriography|Renal Arteriography]] | [[Hypertension other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hypertension other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Chronic hypertension history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Chronic hypertension blood pressure measurement|Blood Pressure Measurement]] | [[Chronic hypertension physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Chronic hypertension laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Chronic hypertension electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Chronic hypertension exercise stress test|ETT]] | [[Chronic hypertension CT|CT]] | [[Chronic hypertension MRI|MRI]] | [[Chronic hypertension echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Renovascular hypertension arteriography|Renal Arteriography]] | [[Chronic hypertension other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Chronic hypertension other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
[[Hypertension lifestyle modification|Lifestyle Modification]] | [[Hypertension medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]
[[Chronic hypertension medical therapy blood pressure goals of treatment|Blood pressure goals of treatment]] | [[Chronic hypertension lifestyle modification|Lifestyle Modification]] | [[Chronic hypertension medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]| [[Hypertension practice guidelines]] | [[Chronic hypertension invasive therapy|Invasive Therapy]]


==Landmark Trials==
==Landmark Trials==
[[ALLHAT]]
[[ABCD]], [[ACCORD]], [[AIRE]], [[ALLHAT]], [[ANBP2]], [[BHAT]], [[Captopril Trial]], [[CIBIS]], [[COPERNICUS]], [[CONVINCE]], [[EPHESUS]], [[HOPE]], [[HYVET]], [[IDNT]], [[INVEST]], [[LIFE]], [[MERIT-HF]], [[MRFIT]], [[NAVIGATOR]], [[PROGRESS]], [[ONTARGET]], [[RALES]], [[REIN]], [[REIN-2]], [[RENAAL]], [[SAVE]], [[SOLVD]], [[TRACE]], [[UKPDS]], [[ValHEFT]], [[VALUE]]
 
==Special Populations==
[[Pregnancy induced hypertension|Pregnancy]] | [[Diabetes with hypertension medical therapy|Diabetes]] | [[Cyclosporin#Cyclosporin Induced Hypertension|Cyclosporin]]


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==
[[Hypertension case study one|Case #1]]
[[Hypertension case study one|Case #1]]
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}


[[Category:Aging-associated diseases]]
[[Category:Aging-associated diseases]]
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[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 22:03, 13 October 2021



Resident
Survival
Guide

For patient information click here

Chronic Hypertension Microchapters

Home

2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines

Patient Information

Overview

Definition

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypertension from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Blood Pressure Measurement

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

ETT

Echocardiography

CT

MRI

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Lifestyle Modification

Medical Therapy

Practice Guidelines

Case Studies

Case #1

Chronic hypertension On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Chronic hypertension

CDC on Chronic hypertension

Chronic hypertension in the news

Blogs on Chronic hypertension

Directions to Hospitals Treating Chronic hypertension

Risk calculators and risk factors for Chronic hypertension

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Synonyms and keywords: High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis; primary hypertension, idiopathic hypertension

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Blood Pressure Measurement | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | ETT | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Renal Arteriography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Blood pressure goals of treatment | Lifestyle Modification | Medical Therapy| Hypertension practice guidelines | Invasive Therapy

Landmark Trials

ABCD, ACCORD, AIRE, ALLHAT, ANBP2, BHAT, Captopril Trial, CIBIS, COPERNICUS, CONVINCE, EPHESUS, HOPE, HYVET, IDNT, INVEST, LIFE, MERIT-HF, MRFIT, NAVIGATOR, PROGRESS, ONTARGET, RALES, REIN, REIN-2, RENAAL, SAVE, SOLVD, TRACE, UKPDS, ValHEFT, VALUE

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WikiDoc Sources