Cholesterol emboli syndrome causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Cholesterol emboli syndrome}} | {{Cholesterol emboli syndrome}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of [[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) include spontaneously due to [[atherosclerosis]] of the large [[arteries]] and iatrogenic secondary to medical interventions such as [[vascular surgery]] or [[angiography]]. Less common causes of CES include intake of [[anticoagulant]]s such as [[warfarin]] or [[thrombolysis|thrombolytic]] medications. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
*Common causes of [[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) include: | |||
**spontaneously (25%): It usually occurs in patients with severe [[atherosclerosis]] of the large [[arteries]] such as [[aorta]]. | |||
**Iatrogenic (75%): a complication of medical procedures involving the blood vessels, such as [[vascular surgery]] or [[angiography]]. | |||
***The incidence of CES after [[coronary catheterization]] is 1.4%. <ref name="FukumotoTsutsui2003">{{cite journal|last1=Fukumoto|first1=Yoshihiro|last2=Tsutsui|first2=Hiroyuki|last3=Tsuchihashi|first3=Miyuki|last4=Masumoto|first4=Akihiro|last5=Takeshita|first5=Akira|title=The incidence and risk factors of cholesterol embolization syndrome, a complication of cardiac catheterization: a prospective study|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=42|issue=2|year=2003|pages=211–216|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00579-5}}</ref> | |||
***But the overall prevalence of CES after [[coronary catheterization]] is 25% to 30%. <ref name="Ramirez1978">{{cite journal|last1=Ramirez|first1=German|title=Cholesterol Embolization|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=138|issue=9|year=1978|pages=1430|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1978.03630340096035}}</ref> | |||
*less Common causes of [[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) include: | |||
** intake of [[anticoagulant]]s such as [[warfarin]] or [[thrombolysis|thrombolytic]] medications such as [[tissue plasminogen activator]]that decrease blood clotting or dissolve blood clots, respectively. They probably lead to [[cholesterol emboli]] by removing blood clots that cover up a damaged [[atherosclerotic]] plaque; cholesterol-rich debris can then enter the [[bloodsteam]]. <ref name="Feder1961">{{cite journal|last1=Feder|first1=Walter|title="Purple Toes": an Uncommon Sequela of Oral Coumarin Drug Therapy|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=55|issue=6|year=1961|pages=911|issn=0003-4819|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-55-6-911}}</ref> <ref name="pmid2507919">{{cite journal| author=Shapiro LS| title=Cholesterol embolization after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1989 | volume= 321 | issue= 18 | pages= 1270 | pmid=2507919 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198911023211816 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2507919 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Common causes of Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) include spontaneously due to atherosclerosis of the large arteries and iatrogenic secondary to medical interventions such as vascular surgery or angiography. Less common causes of CES include intake of anticoagulants such as warfarin or thrombolytic medications.
Causes
- Common causes of Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) include:
- spontaneously (25%): It usually occurs in patients with severe atherosclerosis of the large arteries such as aorta.
- Iatrogenic (75%): a complication of medical procedures involving the blood vessels, such as vascular surgery or angiography.
- The incidence of CES after coronary catheterization is 1.4%. [1]
- But the overall prevalence of CES after coronary catheterization is 25% to 30%. [2]
- less Common causes of Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) include:
- intake of anticoagulants such as warfarin or thrombolytic medications such as tissue plasminogen activatorthat decrease blood clotting or dissolve blood clots, respectively. They probably lead to cholesterol emboli by removing blood clots that cover up a damaged atherosclerotic plaque; cholesterol-rich debris can then enter the bloodsteam. [3] [4]
References
- ↑ Fukumoto, Yoshihiro; Tsutsui, Hiroyuki; Tsuchihashi, Miyuki; Masumoto, Akihiro; Takeshita, Akira (2003). "The incidence and risk factors of cholesterol embolization syndrome, a complication of cardiac catheterization: a prospective study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 42 (2): 211–216. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00579-5. ISSN 0735-1097.
- ↑ Ramirez, German (1978). "Cholesterol Embolization". Archives of Internal Medicine. 138 (9): 1430. doi:10.1001/archinte.1978.03630340096035. ISSN 0003-9926.
- ↑ Feder, Walter (1961). ""Purple Toes": an Uncommon Sequela of Oral Coumarin Drug Therapy". Annals of Internal Medicine. 55 (6): 911. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-55-6-911. ISSN 0003-4819.
- ↑ Shapiro LS (1989). "Cholesterol embolization after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator". N Engl J Med. 321 (18): 1270. doi:10.1056/NEJM198911023211816. PMID 2507919.