Cholangitis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Cholangitis}} | {{Cholangitis}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis are [[gallstones]], [[sclerosing cholangitis]], and [[HIV]]. | Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis are [[gallstones]], [[sclerosing cholangitis]], and [[HIV]]. Variations in treatment and risk factors influence mortality rates in patients with cholangitis, and these rates indicate the necessity for standardized diagnostic, treatment, and severity assessment criteria. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*Advanced age (>70 years), neurologic disease, and [[periampullary diverticula]] are risk factors for development of cholangitis in patients with [[biliary stones]].<ref name="urlRadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management">{{cite web |url=http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/rg.297095051 |title=RadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*The [[bile]] of healthy individuals is generally [[aseptic]].<ref name="pmid17252293">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR |title=Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines |journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 |year=2007 |pmid=17252293 |pmc=2784509 |doi=10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in: | |||
***16% of patients undergoing a non-biliary operation | |||
***72% of acute cholangitis patients | |||
***44% of chronic cholangitis patients | |||
***50% of patients with biliary obstruction. | |||
*The bacteria in bile are identified in 90% of patients with [[choledocholithiasis]], accompanied by [[jaundice]]. | |||
*Patients with incomplete obstruction of the [[bile duct]] present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.<ref name="pmid17252293">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR |title=Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines |journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 |year=2007 |pmid=17252293 |pmc=2784509 |doi=10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y |url=}}</ref> | |||
Other common risk factors for cholangitis include: | |||
* Previous history of [[gallstones]] | * Previous history of [[gallstones]] | ||
* [[ | * A history of [[sclerosing cholangitis]] | ||
* [[HIV]] | * [[HIV]] | ||
* Narrowing of the [[common bile duct]] | * Narrowing of the [[common bile duct]] due to cancer | ||
* Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or [[parasite infection]] | * Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or [[parasite infection]] | ||
*Presence of [[liver abscess]] | |||
*[[Acute renal failure]] | |||
* | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:49, 15 April 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Common risk factors in the development of cholangitis are gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, and HIV. Variations in treatment and risk factors influence mortality rates in patients with cholangitis, and these rates indicate the necessity for standardized diagnostic, treatment, and severity assessment criteria.
Risk Factors
- Advanced age (>70 years), neurologic disease, and periampullary diverticula are risk factors for development of cholangitis in patients with biliary stones.[1]
- The bile of healthy individuals is generally aseptic.[2]
- Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in:
- 16% of patients undergoing a non-biliary operation
- 72% of acute cholangitis patients
- 44% of chronic cholangitis patients
- 50% of patients with biliary obstruction.
- Bile culture is positive for microorganisms in:
- The bacteria in bile are identified in 90% of patients with choledocholithiasis, accompanied by jaundice.
- Patients with incomplete obstruction of the bile duct present with a higher positive bile culture rate than those with complete obstruction of the bile duct.[2]
Other common risk factors for cholangitis include:
- Previous history of gallstones
- A history of sclerosing cholangitis
- HIV
- Narrowing of the common bile duct due to cancer
- Traveling to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection
- Presence of liver abscess
- Acute renal failure
References
- ↑ "RadioGraphics: Biliary Infections: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Management".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kimura Y, Takada T, Kawarada Y, Nimura Y, Hirata K, Sekimoto M, Yoshida M, Mayumi T, Wada K, Miura F, Yasuda H, Yamashita Y, Nagino M, Hirota M, Tanaka A, Tsuyuguchi T, Strasberg SM, Gadacz TR (2007). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 14 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1007/s00534-006-1152-y. PMC 2784509. PMID 17252293.