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==Overview==
==Overview==
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of CgA levels.<ref name=diagnostics>Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.<ref name=diagnostics>Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>


==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==
*Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of CgA levels.<ref name=diagnostics>Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.<ref name=diagnostics>Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*Testing for elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%.
*Testing for elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%.
*Plasma levels of CgA are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of neuroendocrinal tumors such as [[pancreatic]] and [[lung carcinoma|small cell lung carcinomas]].
*Plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of neuroendocrinal tumors such as [[pancreatic]] and [[lung carcinoma|small cell lung carcinomas]].
*Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:<ref name=diagnostics>Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
*Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:<ref name=diagnostics>Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
**[[Substance P]]
**[[Substance P]]

Revision as of 15:57, 5 October 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.[1]

Laboratory Findings

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq


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