Carcinoid syndrome: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 14:46, 17 December 2018

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

For the patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2] Anum Gull M.B.B.S.[3]

Synonyms and keywords: Thorson-Bioerck syndrome; argentaffinoma syndrome; Cassidy-Scholte syndrome; flush syndrome; Carcinoid cancer; Carcinoid disease; Functioning carcinoid; Functioning argentaffinoma; Neuroendocrine tumor carcinoid type; Malignant carcinoid syndrome

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Carcinoid Syndrome from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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+__NOTOC__
 {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
-   Name           = Carcinoid |
+   Name           = Carcinoid|
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|E|34|0|e|20}} |
+   Image          = Multiple Carcinoid Tumors of the Small Bowel 2.jpg|
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|259.2}} |
-  ICDO           = {{ICDO|8240|3}} |
-   Image          = Multiple Carcinoid Tumors of the Small Bowel 2.jpg |
    Caption        = Picture of a '''carcinoid tumour''' that encroaches into lumen of the [[small bowel]] (centre of image). Pathology specimen.  The prominent folds are [[plicae circulares]], a characteristic of small bowel. |
-  OMIM           = 114900 |
-  MedlinePlus    = 000347 |
-  eMedicineSubj  = med |
-  eMedicineTopic = 271 |
-  DiseasesDB     = 2040 |
-  MeshID         = D002276 |
 }}
-{{Search infobox}}
-{{CMG}}
-{{Editor Help}}
+{{Carcinoid syndrome}}
-==Overview==
-'''Carcinoid''' (also '''carcinoid tumour''' or '''carcinoid tumor''') is slow-growing but often [[malignant]] type of [[neuroendocrine tumour]], originating in the cells of the [[neuroendocrine system]]. Carcinoid tumours are [[apudomas]] that arise from the [[enterochromaffin cell]]s throughout the gut. They are most commonly found in the [[foregut]] (35.6% cases) with [[lung]], [[bronchus]] and [[trachea]] constituting 27.9% cases from where they rarely [[metastasis]]e (except in case of pancreas). The next most common affected area is the small intestine especially the midgut (32.1% cases) with the highest proportion from [[ileum]] at 14.9% of all cases [as per the PAN-SEER data (1973-1999)]. In cases of metastases it can lead to [[carcinoid syndrome]]. This is due to the production of [[serotonin]], which is released into the systemic circulation, which leads to symptoms of cutaneous flushing, [[diarrhea]], [[bronchoconstriction]] and right-sided [[cardiac]] [[heart valve disease|valve disease]].
-They were first characterized in 1907 by Siegfried Oberndorfer, a German [[pathologist]] at the University of Munich, who coined the term ''karzinoide'', or "carcinoma-like", to describe the unique feature of behaving like a [[benign tumour]] despite having a [[malignant]] appearance microscopically. The recognition of their endocrine-related properties were later described by Gosset and Masson in 1914, and these tumours are now known to arise from the enterochromaffin (EC) and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the gut.
+'''For the patient information, click [[Carcinoid syndrome (patient information)|here]]'''
-==Symptoms==
+{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{PSD}}{{Anum}}
-Most carcinoids are asymptomatic through the natural lifetime and are discovered only upon surgery for unrelated reasons; these are called ''coincidental carcinoids''. But all carcinoids are considered to have malignant potential.
-About 10 percent of carcinoids secrete excessive levels of a range of [[hormone]]s, most notably [[serotonin]] (5-HT), causing:
+{{SK}} Thorson-Bioerck syndrome; argentaffinoma syndrome; Cassidy-Scholte syndrome; flush syndrome; Carcinoid cancer; Carcinoid disease; Functioning carcinoid; Functioning argentaffinoma; Neuroendocrine tumor carcinoid type; Malignant carcinoid syndrome
-* [[Flushing (physiology)|Flushing]]
-* [[Diarrhea]]
-* [[Wheezing]]
-* [[Abdominal cramps|Abdominal cramping]]
-* [[Peripheral edema]]
-This constellation of symptoms is called ''[[carcinoid syndrome]]'' or (if acute) ''carcinoid crisis''. Occasionally, [[haemorrhage]] or the effects of tumour bulk are the presenting symptoms. The most common originating sites of carcinoid is the small bowel, particularly the ileum; carcinoid tumors are the most common malignancy of the appendix, and ovarian origin, though reported, is rare.
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome overview|Overview]] ==
-==Treatment==
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
-[[Surgery]], if feasible, is the only curative therapy. If the tumour has metastasized (most commonly, to the [[liver]]), the tumour may be ineligible for surgery (unresectable), though there are many promising treatment modalities, such as radiolabeled [[octreotide]], that are very effective in arresting the growth of the tumours and prolonging survival in patients with liver metastases.
-[[Chemotherapy]] is of little benefit and is generally not indicated. [[Octreotide]] (a [[somatostatin]] analogue) may decrease the secretory activity of the carcinoid.
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome classification|Classification]] ==
-Carcinoid tumours are the most common malignant tumour of the appendix, but they are most commonly associated with the small intestine, and they can also be found in the [[rectum]] and [[stomach]]. They are known to grow in the liver, but this finding is usually a manifestation of metastatic disease from a primary carcinoid occurring elsewhere in the body. They have a very slow growth rate compared to most malignant tumours. From Dr. Vinoth
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
-== Goblet Cell Carcinoid ==
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome causes|Causes]] ==
-This is considered to be a hybrid between an [[exocrine]] and [[endocrine]] tumour derived from crypt cells of the appendix. Histologically, it forms clusters of goblet cells containing mucin with a minor admixture of Paneth cells and endocrine cells. The growth pattern is distinctive: typically producing a concentric band of tumour nests interspersed among the [[muscle]] and [[stroma]] of the appendiceal wall extending up the shaft of the appendix. This makes the lesion difficult to suspect grossly and difficult to measure. Small tumour nests may be camouflaged amongst the muscle or in periappendiceal fat; [[cytokeratin]] preparations best demonstrate the tumour cells; [[mucin]] stains are also helpful in identifying them. They behave in a more aggressive manner than do classical appendiceal carcinoids. Spread is usually to regional lymph nodes, [[peritoneum]], and particularly the ovary. They do not produce sufficient hormonal substances to cause the carcinoid or other endocrine syndromes. In fact, they more closely resemble exocrine than endocrine tumors. The term 'crypt cell carcinoma' has been used for them, and though perhaps more accurate than considering them carcinoids, has not been a successful competitor. The ICD-O code for goblet cell carcinoid is 8243/3.
+== [[Differentiating carcinoid syndrome from other diseases|Differentiating Carcinoid Syndrome from other Diseases]] ==
-==See also==
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
-* [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
-==External links==
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
-* [http://www.caringforcarcinoid.org Caring for Carcinoid Foundation]
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome screening|Screening]] ==
-* http://www.netumoradvisor.org
-* http://www.carcinoid.com
-* [http://www.carcinoid.org  The Carcinoid Cancer Foundation]
+== [[Carcinoid syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
+== Diagnosis ==
+[[Carcinoid syndrome staging|Staging]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome CT|CT]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome MRI|MRI]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
+== Treatment ==
+[[Carcinoid syndrome medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome surgery|Surgery]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome cost-effectiveness of therapy| Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Carcinoid syndrome future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
+==Case Studies==
+[[Carcinoid syndrome case study one|Case #1]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Types of cancer]]
-[[Category:Hematology]]
 [[Category:Oncology]]
 [[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
-{{SIB}}
-</br>
-[[de:Karzinoid]]
-[[ja:カルチノイド]]
-[[pl:Rakowiak]]
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+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]

Carcinoid syndrome: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:46, 17 December 2018

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